一首詩的進行
【藝文賞析】慢慢讀，詩／一首詩的進行
慢慢讀，詩／一首詩的進行
【聯合報╱席慕蓉／詩】
一首詩的進行在可測與不可測之間
（譬如赴約 有時舟車順暢而又靜定 有時 卻是在出發之後 才能察覺 踏上的 怎麼會是一條全然陌生的路徑）
彷彿已經超越了我們自身的種種認知 超越了悔恨和悵惘或者寂寞 或者憂傷眼前是一片模糊的荒蕪遠方 有光卻是難以辨識的微弱光芒「俱往矣！」「俱往矣！」耳旁 不斷有聲音低低向我提醒彷彿要攔阻我的前行可是 那已經逝去了的一切時刻不也都曾經分秒不差地在我們的盼望和等待之中 微笑著一一翩然來臨不也都是 曾經何其真實貼近可觸摸可環抱的擁有即使成為灰燼 也是玫瑰的灰燼即使深埋在流沙之下也是曾經傲人的幾世繁華
（生命曾經燦放如花 如一季又復一季永不結束的盛夏 因而 今夜的我 並非再多有貪求）
我只想知道是什麼 還在誘惑著我們執意往詩中尋去而出現在燈下的這些散亂的文字究竟 又是由誰在控制
意念初始如野生的藤蔓 彼此糾纏是忽隱忽現的鹿群 挪移不定我摸索著慢慢穿過那些被迷霧封鎖住的山林深處聽見溪澗輕輕奔流跳躍的聲音我的詩也逐漸成形 終於來到了皓月當空的無垠曠野才發現在字裡行間等待著我的解讀的原來是一封預留的書信是來自遼遠時光裡的一種 彷彿回音般的了解與同情
（直指我心啊 天高月明 曠野上 是誰讓我們重新認識 並且終於相信了 那一個 在詩中的自己）
據說 潮汐的起伏是由於月光岩岸的剝蝕 大多是來自海浪而我此刻腳步的遲疑蹣跚 以及心中欲望的依舊千迴百轉能不能 也有個比較簡單的答案
是否 只因為愛與記憶 曾經無限珍惜才讓我們至今猶得以 得以執筆？
【2009/08/26 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
2009年8月28日 星期五
【藝文賞析】慢慢讀，詩／一首詩的進行
一首詩的進行
【藝文賞析】慢慢讀，詩／一首詩的進行
慢慢讀，詩／一首詩的進行
【聯合報╱席慕蓉／詩】
一首詩的進行在可測與不可測之間
（譬如赴約 有時舟車順暢而又靜定 有時 卻是在出發之後 才能察覺 踏上的 怎麼會是一條全然陌生的路徑）
彷彿已經超越了我們自身的種種認知 超越了悔恨和悵惘或者寂寞 或者憂傷眼前是一片模糊的荒蕪遠方 有光卻是難以辨識的微弱光芒「俱往矣！」「俱往矣！」耳旁 不斷有聲音低低向我提醒彷彿要攔阻我的前行可是 那已經逝去了的一切時刻不也都曾經分秒不差地在我們的盼望和等待之中 微笑著一一翩然來臨不也都是 曾經何其真實貼近可觸摸可環抱的擁有即使成為灰燼 也是玫瑰的灰燼即使深埋在流沙之下也是曾經傲人的幾世繁華
（生命曾經燦放如花 如一季又復一季永不結束的盛夏 因而 今夜的我 並非再多有貪求）
我只想知道是什麼 還在誘惑著我們執意往詩中尋去而出現在燈下的這些散亂的文字究竟 又是由誰在控制
意念初始如野生的藤蔓 彼此糾纏是忽隱忽現的鹿群 挪移不定我摸索著慢慢穿過那些被迷霧封鎖住的山林深處聽見溪澗輕輕奔流跳躍的聲音我的詩也逐漸成形 終於來到了皓月當空的無垠曠野才發現在字裡行間等待著我的解讀的原來是一封預留的書信是來自遼遠時光裡的一種 彷彿回音般的了解與同情
（直指我心啊 天高月明 曠野上 是誰讓我們重新認識 並且終於相信了 那一個 在詩中的自己）
據說 潮汐的起伏是由於月光岩岸的剝蝕 大多是來自海浪而我此刻腳步的遲疑蹣跚 以及心中欲望的依舊千迴百轉能不能 也有個比較簡單的答案
是否 只因為愛與記憶 曾經無限珍惜才讓我們至今猶得以 得以執筆？
【2009/08/26 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
【藝文賞析】慢慢讀，詩／一首詩的進行
慢慢讀，詩／一首詩的進行
【聯合報╱席慕蓉／詩】
一首詩的進行在可測與不可測之間
（譬如赴約 有時舟車順暢而又靜定 有時 卻是在出發之後 才能察覺 踏上的 怎麼會是一條全然陌生的路徑）
彷彿已經超越了我們自身的種種認知 超越了悔恨和悵惘或者寂寞 或者憂傷眼前是一片模糊的荒蕪遠方 有光卻是難以辨識的微弱光芒「俱往矣！」「俱往矣！」耳旁 不斷有聲音低低向我提醒彷彿要攔阻我的前行可是 那已經逝去了的一切時刻不也都曾經分秒不差地在我們的盼望和等待之中 微笑著一一翩然來臨不也都是 曾經何其真實貼近可觸摸可環抱的擁有即使成為灰燼 也是玫瑰的灰燼即使深埋在流沙之下也是曾經傲人的幾世繁華
（生命曾經燦放如花 如一季又復一季永不結束的盛夏 因而 今夜的我 並非再多有貪求）
我只想知道是什麼 還在誘惑著我們執意往詩中尋去而出現在燈下的這些散亂的文字究竟 又是由誰在控制
意念初始如野生的藤蔓 彼此糾纏是忽隱忽現的鹿群 挪移不定我摸索著慢慢穿過那些被迷霧封鎖住的山林深處聽見溪澗輕輕奔流跳躍的聲音我的詩也逐漸成形 終於來到了皓月當空的無垠曠野才發現在字裡行間等待著我的解讀的原來是一封預留的書信是來自遼遠時光裡的一種 彷彿回音般的了解與同情
（直指我心啊 天高月明 曠野上 是誰讓我們重新認識 並且終於相信了 那一個 在詩中的自己）
據說 潮汐的起伏是由於月光岩岸的剝蝕 大多是來自海浪而我此刻腳步的遲疑蹣跚 以及心中欲望的依舊千迴百轉能不能 也有個比較簡單的答案
是否 只因為愛與記憶 曾經無限珍惜才讓我們至今猶得以 得以執筆？
【2009/08/26 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
2009年8月23日 星期日
大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
大河人生
大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
http://udn.com/NEWS/NATIONAL/NAT5/5093739.shtml
【聯合報╱本報記者何定照】
2009.08.23 04:10 am
人生七十的吳靜吉仍然像孩子般對萬事好奇，總有豐沛的生命力。記者周永受／攝影
吳靜吉的腳步總像在跳舞。已經七十歲，他卻步伐輕快，笑容溫暖；當他伸手厚實一握，像是連活力也一併傳遞。
從廿七歲在美國拿到教育心理學博士、參與紐約前衛劇場先鋒「拉瑪瑪劇團」（La MaMa）、回台催生台灣小劇場先驅「蘭陵劇坊」，卅七歲寫下「青年的四個大夢」、在學術交流基金會一待卅二年、在政大推廣「創造力」……，吳靜吉最認同的頭銜，始終是「無圍牆的教育工作者」。
依照吳靜吉的「生命脈絡」理論，他對心理學、戲劇、教育的熱愛，脈絡可溯自童年，都是從小種下的因緣。
在宜蘭壯圍鄉間大家庭，父親是長子、媽媽是童養媳，吳靜吉很早就意識到他在家族中的特殊位置：身為長孫，他是家族期待；身為晚輩，他得處處退讓；身為男孩，他得扛起一切粗工。親戚小孩隨口說被吳靜吉打，媽媽馬上一把菜刀往兒子丟過來。「我起先很不服，後來突然領悟到，我被打不是因為我錯，是因為我是晚輩。」
童年受挫 海給他安慰
成長環境的不愉快，讓吳靜吉渴望和諧，無師自通扮和事佬。他最愛跟著祖母去作媒，為相愛的人傳好話。高中時他曾帶走一位被家人逼自殺的未婚懷孕女性，護送給對方親戚；看到叔嬸吵架，他憶起一回堂弟落水、叔嬸合力救人，靈機一動騙叔嬸堂弟又落水，果真制止衝突，也給自己換來一頓好罵。
大家庭裡的成長期充滿委屈與退讓，幸好家後面就是海。海給他安慰。
「如果沒有海，我真不知我會變成怎樣！」吳靜吉張開雙臂，重現亟欲振翅飛去的當年：「遇到挫折，我就逃到海邊，學海鳥飛翔，與海浪賽跑。」看著潮來潮往，他學會退讓，一退天地闊。
「先退讓，就有機會溝通。」不執著自我，才能成就大局。往後他常擔任規畫委員、首屆董事，從台北藝術大學、台南藝術大學、兩廳院、海基會到國家文化藝術基金會。他笑稱：「他們大概覺得有我在，比較能磨合各種衝突。」
活力十足 常忘了年紀
戲劇和心理學是吳靜吉安身立命的兩大主軸，兩者都是處理「如何和自己、別人、制度、自然環境相處」。他的活力，也反映在肢體。從小和海浪賽跑、練出運動員實力，吳靜吉常忘了年紀。四年前洗澡時碰碰跳，不慎摔斷肩骨；去年與許博允大談新象三十，猛地起身又落座，結果滾輪椅突然滑動、「吳博士」當場跌坐地上，嚇壞眾人吃驚，卻見他沒事般滑溜一躍而起。吳靜吉小時候害羞少言，小學一年級初看歌仔戲，激發他滿心崇拜：「他們都不會害羞！」從此想演戲。但他總是候補，少有登台機會，「老師都選長得可愛的」。
對於戲劇舞蹈之路的挫折，吳靜吉雖然認命，但並不服氣。赴美攻讀教育心理學博士時，他立下心願：一定要在回台前，滿足對戲劇舞蹈的欲望。
他花一個月生活費，買瑪莎‧葛蘭姆舞團最貴的票；在紐約教書時，利用寒假跟葛蘭姆學舞，周末到處看表演。他巧遇在「拉瑪瑪」劇團大放異彩的小學同學葉青，一夥人正要去慶功，葉青邀他合編新劇「餛飩湯」。
「餛飩湯」大獲好評，負責部分劇本、編舞的吳靜吉，自此成為拉瑪瑪成員，和知名大導羅伯‧威爾森、極限主義音樂家菲利普‧葛拉斯同團。成長經驗與心理學專長，成了吳靜吉應用到戲劇的兩大特色，「編劇最愛纏著我講童年故事，好找靈感。」
藉說故事 激發創造力
一九七○年代末，吳靜吉（中穿白衣者）帶領蘭陵成員訓練。圖／蘭陵三十籌委會提供
吳靜吉回台時，正逢台灣七○年代文藝復興時期，在拉瑪瑪廣受歡迎的心理學技巧，延伸成耕莘實驗劇團的訓練課程，日後又誕生了蘭陵。
對戲劇、心理學、教育的熱忱，至此奇妙融合。往後吳靜吉不論是上教育、創造力、EMBA領導課，總善於結合心理學與戲劇技巧，讓一個個大老闆藉著說演生命故事，激發更多創造力。「有創造力，就會比較愉快，這是創造力最大的意義。就像我小時的經驗。」
這一切的源頭，是童年壯圍的海與鄉野。那傳統的小社會，微妙的人心，吳靜吉都在海的洗滌後，轉化出正面意義。至今他仍戀著海，「每兩個星期就要看一次。」
訪問到了尾聲，黃昏的淡金陽光灑入，眾人眼中活力無窮的吳靜吉安靜下來，望向窗外。昔日少年已然蛻變，不再與海浪賽跑，更懂得「退」的力量；越退，眼前的空間就越寬闊，那不僅成就了世界，也成就了他自己。
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
‧
大河人生／熱情大方 讓老靈魂跟著開心
‧
大河人生／有個夢：富孩子幫窮孩子付學費
大河人生
大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
【聯合報╱本報記者何定照】
2009.08.23 04:10 am
人生七十的吳靜吉仍然像孩子般對萬事好奇，總有豐沛的生命力。記者周永受／攝影
吳靜吉的腳步總像在跳舞。已經七十歲，他卻步伐輕快，笑容溫暖；當他伸手厚實一握，像是連活力也一併傳遞。
從廿七歲在美國拿到教育心理學博士、參與紐約前衛劇場先鋒「拉瑪瑪劇團」（La MaMa）、回台催生台灣小劇場先驅「蘭陵劇坊」，卅七歲寫下「青年的四個大夢」、在學術交流基金會一待卅二年、在政大推廣「創造力」……，吳靜吉最認同的頭銜，始終是「無圍牆的教育工作者」。
依照吳靜吉的「生命脈絡」理論，他對心理學、戲劇、教育的熱愛，脈絡可溯自童年，都是從小種下的因緣。
在宜蘭壯圍鄉間大家庭，父親是長子、媽媽是童養媳，吳靜吉很早就意識到他在家族中的特殊位置：身為長孫，他是家族期待；身為晚輩，他得處處退讓；身為男孩，他得扛起一切粗工。親戚小孩隨口說被吳靜吉打，媽媽馬上一把菜刀往兒子丟過來。「我起先很不服，後來突然領悟到，我被打不是因為我錯，是因為我是晚輩。」
童年受挫 海給他安慰
成長環境的不愉快，讓吳靜吉渴望和諧，無師自通扮和事佬。他最愛跟著祖母去作媒，為相愛的人傳好話。高中時他曾帶走一位被家人逼自殺的未婚懷孕女性，護送給對方親戚；看到叔嬸吵架，他憶起一回堂弟落水、叔嬸合力救人，靈機一動騙叔嬸堂弟又落水，果真制止衝突，也給自己換來一頓好罵。
大家庭裡的成長期充滿委屈與退讓，幸好家後面就是海。海給他安慰。
「如果沒有海，我真不知我會變成怎樣！」吳靜吉張開雙臂，重現亟欲振翅飛去的當年：「遇到挫折，我就逃到海邊，學海鳥飛翔，與海浪賽跑。」看著潮來潮往，他學會退讓，一退天地闊。
「先退讓，就有機會溝通。」不執著自我，才能成就大局。往後他常擔任規畫委員、首屆董事，從台北藝術大學、台南藝術大學、兩廳院、海基會到國家文化藝術基金會。他笑稱：「他們大概覺得有我在，比較能磨合各種衝突。」
活力十足 常忘了年紀
戲劇和心理學是吳靜吉安身立命的兩大主軸，兩者都是處理「如何和自己、別人、制度、自然環境相處」。他的活力，也反映在肢體。從小和海浪賽跑、練出運動員實力，吳靜吉常忘了年紀。四年前洗澡時碰碰跳，不慎摔斷肩骨；去年與許博允大談新象三十，猛地起身又落座，結果滾輪椅突然滑動、「吳博士」當場跌坐地上，嚇壞眾人吃驚，卻見他沒事般滑溜一躍而起。吳靜吉小時候害羞少言，小學一年級初看歌仔戲，激發他滿心崇拜：「他們都不會害羞！」從此想演戲。但他總是候補，少有登台機會，「老師都選長得可愛的」。
對於戲劇舞蹈之路的挫折，吳靜吉雖然認命，但並不服氣。赴美攻讀教育心理學博士時，他立下心願：一定要在回台前，滿足對戲劇舞蹈的欲望。
他花一個月生活費，買瑪莎‧葛蘭姆舞團最貴的票；在紐約教書時，利用寒假跟葛蘭姆學舞，周末到處看表演。他巧遇在「拉瑪瑪」劇團大放異彩的小學同學葉青，一夥人正要去慶功，葉青邀他合編新劇「餛飩湯」。
「餛飩湯」大獲好評，負責部分劇本、編舞的吳靜吉，自此成為拉瑪瑪成員，和知名大導羅伯‧威爾森、極限主義音樂家菲利普‧葛拉斯同團。成長經驗與心理學專長，成了吳靜吉應用到戲劇的兩大特色，「編劇最愛纏著我講童年故事，好找靈感。」
藉說故事 激發創造力
一九七○年代末，吳靜吉（中穿白衣者）帶領蘭陵成員訓練。圖／蘭陵三十籌委會提供
吳靜吉回台時，正逢台灣七○年代文藝復興時期，在拉瑪瑪廣受歡迎的心理學技巧，延伸成耕莘實驗劇團的訓練課程，日後又誕生了蘭陵。
對戲劇、心理學、教育的熱忱，至此奇妙融合。往後吳靜吉不論是上教育、創造力、EMBA領導課，總善於結合心理學與戲劇技巧，讓一個個大老闆藉著說演生命故事，激發更多創造力。「有創造力，就會比較愉快，這是創造力最大的意義。就像我小時的經驗。」
這一切的源頭，是童年壯圍的海與鄉野。那傳統的小社會，微妙的人心，吳靜吉都在海的洗滌後，轉化出正面意義。至今他仍戀著海，「每兩個星期就要看一次。」
訪問到了尾聲，黃昏的淡金陽光灑入，眾人眼中活力無窮的吳靜吉安靜下來，望向窗外。昔日少年已然蛻變，不再與海浪賽跑，更懂得「退」的力量；越退，眼前的空間就越寬闊，那不僅成就了世界，也成就了他自己。
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
‧
大河人生／熱情大方 讓老靈魂跟著開心
‧
大河人生／有個夢：富孩子幫窮孩子付學費
大河人生／熱情大方 讓老靈魂跟著開心
【聯合報╱本報記者何定照】
2009.08.23 04:10 am
今年「蘭陵劇坊」滿卅年，也是精神導師吳靜吉（中）七十大壽，老蘭陵人卓明（左起）、金士傑、劉若瑀、李國修、李天柱等人再度聚首慶賀。本報資料照片
今年「蘭陵三十」慶祝得熱鬧滾滾，其實也是吳靜吉「退」的哲學又一具體展現。蘭陵人計畫替吳靜吉慶賀七十大壽，吳靜吉推卻半天，後來想通「是他們很想重聚」，於是宣告「若是作蘭陵三十，我就願意」，成就了一場回顧台灣當年藝術、社會、政治發展的文化盛事。
「他那種純真乾淨、那種永遠願意給出的大方，實在難得又精彩。」金士傑說，認識吳靜吉卅年，他總是樂意與人分享；看到很小、很可愛的作品，也會手舞足蹈。
金士傑說，許多人年紀漸大，總認為自己見多識廣，何必因為小事驚訝；但七十歲的吳靜吉「從不吝嗇、不怕被認為幼稚」，那種毫無遮掩的熱情，常讓「老靈魂」的金士傑也跟著開心。
紙風車劇團執行長李永豐（右）親吻吳靜吉（左）祝他七十生日快樂。本報資料照片
吳靜吉交遊廣闊，曾任TVBS董事長的邱復生是他知交。邱復生透露「TVBS的民調以準聞名，都是吳靜吉的功勞。」
邱復生說，當時吳靜吉教工作人員問卷設計，以心理學角度排列問題，更能用問卷測量出受訪者的真正意向，甚至還能分台灣人、外國人的心理狀態，讓他佩服不已。
百服寧藥品也與吳靜吉有關。曾從事廣告業的邱復生說，百服寧一開始賣不好，吳靜吉認為是因品名聲韻拗口，於是取了諧音「850」為廣告口號，又與學生激盪出「百服寧、保護您」廣告口號，成為經典slogan。
在邱復生眼中，吳靜吉永遠在笑，讓人覺得沒有壓力。「他總能把枯燥的東西變得有趣，帶給別人快樂。」
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
大河人生／有個夢：富孩子幫窮孩子付學費
【聯合報╱本報記者何定照】
2009.08.23 04:10 am
吳靜吉很早就知道，「教育」是他終身熱愛的工作。圖／吳靜吉提供
初中時，吳靜吉曾想念藝專戲劇科，卻被同學親眼所見澆熄夢想：「那裡的男生都是奶油小生，女生都很漂亮。」吳靜吉自料外表不如人，於是決心延續小學一年級的願望：當教育工作者。
鄉村資源貧瘠，吳靜吉每天總要走九公里，到家裡開的米店看報紙，那是他接觸外在世界的唯一方式。「書那麼好，但學校都沒圖書館。」在吳靜吉理想中，老師也該傳遞教科書以外的知識，並幫助學生了解自己、了解如何和別人相處。
他更夢想未來辦一所「買一送一」的學校。在鄉間，他看過太多窮人家孩子無法升學，「若富孩子讀書時，能一併付一位窮孩子的學費，互相體會給予、獲得的美妙，那該多好？」
滿腔教育使命，在政大念教育系時燒得更旺。由於童年的不快經驗，吳靜吉對別人的不幸都很感興趣，積極輔導起邊緣青少年，尤其是入獄少年。他相信教育是為「幫助人發揮潛力」，開始準備留學時攻讀教育心理學，計畫之詳盡，讓美國大學考官主動要他跳讀博士。
他仍懷著表演藝術之夢。他選的課有兩類，一是外文、外交，「小時每看船進出，就想旅遊世界，到外國學我喜歡的表演藝術」；二是社會、社會工作，「我總對跟我有類似經驗的人同病相憐。」
他也利用暑假到李天民舞蹈社學現代舞、民族舞，甚至參加學校土風舞社，只因那是校內唯一舞蹈社團。他也積極看表演，奈何總有無票可入的時候。一回去聽小提琴家史坦，看到一位年輕人流露和他當年同樣的焦慮，他馬上把票塞給對方，再自我解嘲：「我是替自己解決當年沒機會實現的夢想！」
多年以後，買一送一的學校雖未實現，但曾看似不同路徑的藝術、教育，終於和諧相處。
從跨領域中受益，吳靜吉如今念茲在茲的是，未來需要跨領域的人才，大學評鑑時不能僅以單一面向評跨科系所，「我們現在培養不同的人，就是對未來的貢獻」。
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
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大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
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【聯合報╱本報記者何定照】
2009.08.23 04:10 am
人生七十的吳靜吉仍然像孩子般對萬事好奇，總有豐沛的生命力。記者周永受／攝影
吳靜吉的腳步總像在跳舞。已經七十歲，他卻步伐輕快，笑容溫暖；當他伸手厚實一握，像是連活力也一併傳遞。
從廿七歲在美國拿到教育心理學博士、參與紐約前衛劇場先鋒「拉瑪瑪劇團」（La MaMa）、回台催生台灣小劇場先驅「蘭陵劇坊」，卅七歲寫下「青年的四個大夢」、在學術交流基金會一待卅二年、在政大推廣「創造力」……，吳靜吉最認同的頭銜，始終是「無圍牆的教育工作者」。
依照吳靜吉的「生命脈絡」理論，他對心理學、戲劇、教育的熱愛，脈絡可溯自童年，都是從小種下的因緣。
在宜蘭壯圍鄉間大家庭，父親是長子、媽媽是童養媳，吳靜吉很早就意識到他在家族中的特殊位置：身為長孫，他是家族期待；身為晚輩，他得處處退讓；身為男孩，他得扛起一切粗工。親戚小孩隨口說被吳靜吉打，媽媽馬上一把菜刀往兒子丟過來。「我起先很不服，後來突然領悟到，我被打不是因為我錯，是因為我是晚輩。」
童年受挫 海給他安慰
成長環境的不愉快，讓吳靜吉渴望和諧，無師自通扮和事佬。他最愛跟著祖母去作媒，為相愛的人傳好話。高中時他曾帶走一位被家人逼自殺的未婚懷孕女性，護送給對方親戚；看到叔嬸吵架，他憶起一回堂弟落水、叔嬸合力救人，靈機一動騙叔嬸堂弟又落水，果真制止衝突，也給自己換來一頓好罵。
大家庭裡的成長期充滿委屈與退讓，幸好家後面就是海。海給他安慰。
「如果沒有海，我真不知我會變成怎樣！」吳靜吉張開雙臂，重現亟欲振翅飛去的當年：「遇到挫折，我就逃到海邊，學海鳥飛翔，與海浪賽跑。」看著潮來潮往，他學會退讓，一退天地闊。
「先退讓，就有機會溝通。」不執著自我，才能成就大局。往後他常擔任規畫委員、首屆董事，從台北藝術大學、台南藝術大學、兩廳院、海基會到國家文化藝術基金會。他笑稱：「他們大概覺得有我在，比較能磨合各種衝突。」
活力十足 常忘了年紀
戲劇和心理學是吳靜吉安身立命的兩大主軸，兩者都是處理「如何和自己、別人、制度、自然環境相處」。他的活力，也反映在肢體。從小和海浪賽跑、練出運動員實力，吳靜吉常忘了年紀。四年前洗澡時碰碰跳，不慎摔斷肩骨；去年與許博允大談新象三十，猛地起身又落座，結果滾輪椅突然滑動、「吳博士」當場跌坐地上，嚇壞眾人吃驚，卻見他沒事般滑溜一躍而起。吳靜吉小時候害羞少言，小學一年級初看歌仔戲，激發他滿心崇拜：「他們都不會害羞！」從此想演戲。但他總是候補，少有登台機會，「老師都選長得可愛的」。
對於戲劇舞蹈之路的挫折，吳靜吉雖然認命，但並不服氣。赴美攻讀教育心理學博士時，他立下心願：一定要在回台前，滿足對戲劇舞蹈的欲望。
他花一個月生活費，買瑪莎‧葛蘭姆舞團最貴的票；在紐約教書時，利用寒假跟葛蘭姆學舞，周末到處看表演。他巧遇在「拉瑪瑪」劇團大放異彩的小學同學葉青，一夥人正要去慶功，葉青邀他合編新劇「餛飩湯」。
「餛飩湯」大獲好評，負責部分劇本、編舞的吳靜吉，自此成為拉瑪瑪成員，和知名大導羅伯‧威爾森、極限主義音樂家菲利普‧葛拉斯同團。成長經驗與心理學專長，成了吳靜吉應用到戲劇的兩大特色，「編劇最愛纏著我講童年故事，好找靈感。」
藉說故事 激發創造力
一九七○年代末，吳靜吉（中穿白衣者）帶領蘭陵成員訓練。圖／蘭陵三十籌委會提供
吳靜吉回台時，正逢台灣七○年代文藝復興時期，在拉瑪瑪廣受歡迎的心理學技巧，延伸成耕莘實驗劇團的訓練課程，日後又誕生了蘭陵。
對戲劇、心理學、教育的熱忱，至此奇妙融合。往後吳靜吉不論是上教育、創造力、EMBA領導課，總善於結合心理學與戲劇技巧，讓一個個大老闆藉著說演生命故事，激發更多創造力。「有創造力，就會比較愉快，這是創造力最大的意義。就像我小時的經驗。」
這一切的源頭，是童年壯圍的海與鄉野。那傳統的小社會，微妙的人心，吳靜吉都在海的洗滌後，轉化出正面意義。至今他仍戀著海，「每兩個星期就要看一次。」
訪問到了尾聲，黃昏的淡金陽光灑入，眾人眼中活力無窮的吳靜吉安靜下來，望向窗外。昔日少年已然蛻變，不再與海浪賽跑，更懂得「退」的力量；越退，眼前的空間就越寬闊，那不僅成就了世界，也成就了他自己。
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
‧
大河人生／熱情大方 讓老靈魂跟著開心
‧
大河人生／有個夢：富孩子幫窮孩子付學費
大河人生
大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
【聯合報╱本報記者何定照】
2009.08.23 04:10 am
人生七十的吳靜吉仍然像孩子般對萬事好奇，總有豐沛的生命力。記者周永受／攝影
吳靜吉的腳步總像在跳舞。已經七十歲，他卻步伐輕快，笑容溫暖；當他伸手厚實一握，像是連活力也一併傳遞。
從廿七歲在美國拿到教育心理學博士、參與紐約前衛劇場先鋒「拉瑪瑪劇團」（La MaMa）、回台催生台灣小劇場先驅「蘭陵劇坊」，卅七歲寫下「青年的四個大夢」、在學術交流基金會一待卅二年、在政大推廣「創造力」……，吳靜吉最認同的頭銜，始終是「無圍牆的教育工作者」。
依照吳靜吉的「生命脈絡」理論，他對心理學、戲劇、教育的熱愛，脈絡可溯自童年，都是從小種下的因緣。
在宜蘭壯圍鄉間大家庭，父親是長子、媽媽是童養媳，吳靜吉很早就意識到他在家族中的特殊位置：身為長孫，他是家族期待；身為晚輩，他得處處退讓；身為男孩，他得扛起一切粗工。親戚小孩隨口說被吳靜吉打，媽媽馬上一把菜刀往兒子丟過來。「我起先很不服，後來突然領悟到，我被打不是因為我錯，是因為我是晚輩。」
童年受挫 海給他安慰
成長環境的不愉快，讓吳靜吉渴望和諧，無師自通扮和事佬。他最愛跟著祖母去作媒，為相愛的人傳好話。高中時他曾帶走一位被家人逼自殺的未婚懷孕女性，護送給對方親戚；看到叔嬸吵架，他憶起一回堂弟落水、叔嬸合力救人，靈機一動騙叔嬸堂弟又落水，果真制止衝突，也給自己換來一頓好罵。
大家庭裡的成長期充滿委屈與退讓，幸好家後面就是海。海給他安慰。
「如果沒有海，我真不知我會變成怎樣！」吳靜吉張開雙臂，重現亟欲振翅飛去的當年：「遇到挫折，我就逃到海邊，學海鳥飛翔，與海浪賽跑。」看著潮來潮往，他學會退讓，一退天地闊。
「先退讓，就有機會溝通。」不執著自我，才能成就大局。往後他常擔任規畫委員、首屆董事，從台北藝術大學、台南藝術大學、兩廳院、海基會到國家文化藝術基金會。他笑稱：「他們大概覺得有我在，比較能磨合各種衝突。」
活力十足 常忘了年紀
戲劇和心理學是吳靜吉安身立命的兩大主軸，兩者都是處理「如何和自己、別人、制度、自然環境相處」。他的活力，也反映在肢體。從小和海浪賽跑、練出運動員實力，吳靜吉常忘了年紀。四年前洗澡時碰碰跳，不慎摔斷肩骨；去年與許博允大談新象三十，猛地起身又落座，結果滾輪椅突然滑動、「吳博士」當場跌坐地上，嚇壞眾人吃驚，卻見他沒事般滑溜一躍而起。吳靜吉小時候害羞少言，小學一年級初看歌仔戲，激發他滿心崇拜：「他們都不會害羞！」從此想演戲。但他總是候補，少有登台機會，「老師都選長得可愛的」。
對於戲劇舞蹈之路的挫折，吳靜吉雖然認命，但並不服氣。赴美攻讀教育心理學博士時，他立下心願：一定要在回台前，滿足對戲劇舞蹈的欲望。
他花一個月生活費，買瑪莎‧葛蘭姆舞團最貴的票；在紐約教書時，利用寒假跟葛蘭姆學舞，周末到處看表演。他巧遇在「拉瑪瑪」劇團大放異彩的小學同學葉青，一夥人正要去慶功，葉青邀他合編新劇「餛飩湯」。
「餛飩湯」大獲好評，負責部分劇本、編舞的吳靜吉，自此成為拉瑪瑪成員，和知名大導羅伯‧威爾森、極限主義音樂家菲利普‧葛拉斯同團。成長經驗與心理學專長，成了吳靜吉應用到戲劇的兩大特色，「編劇最愛纏著我講童年故事，好找靈感。」
藉說故事 激發創造力
一九七○年代末，吳靜吉（中穿白衣者）帶領蘭陵成員訓練。圖／蘭陵三十籌委會提供
吳靜吉回台時，正逢台灣七○年代文藝復興時期，在拉瑪瑪廣受歡迎的心理學技巧，延伸成耕莘實驗劇團的訓練課程，日後又誕生了蘭陵。
對戲劇、心理學、教育的熱忱，至此奇妙融合。往後吳靜吉不論是上教育、創造力、EMBA領導課，總善於結合心理學與戲劇技巧，讓一個個大老闆藉著說演生命故事，激發更多創造力。「有創造力，就會比較愉快，這是創造力最大的意義。就像我小時的經驗。」
這一切的源頭，是童年壯圍的海與鄉野。那傳統的小社會，微妙的人心，吳靜吉都在海的洗滌後，轉化出正面意義。至今他仍戀著海，「每兩個星期就要看一次。」
訪問到了尾聲，黃昏的淡金陽光灑入，眾人眼中活力無窮的吳靜吉安靜下來，望向窗外。昔日少年已然蛻變，不再與海浪賽跑，更懂得「退」的力量；越退，眼前的空間就越寬闊，那不僅成就了世界，也成就了他自己。
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
大河人生／一退天地闊 吳靜吉戲說3大夢
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大河人生／熱情大方 讓老靈魂跟著開心
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大河人生／有個夢：富孩子幫窮孩子付學費
大河人生／熱情大方 讓老靈魂跟著開心
【聯合報╱本報記者何定照】
2009.08.23 04:10 am
今年「蘭陵劇坊」滿卅年，也是精神導師吳靜吉（中）七十大壽，老蘭陵人卓明（左起）、金士傑、劉若瑀、李國修、李天柱等人再度聚首慶賀。本報資料照片
今年「蘭陵三十」慶祝得熱鬧滾滾，其實也是吳靜吉「退」的哲學又一具體展現。蘭陵人計畫替吳靜吉慶賀七十大壽，吳靜吉推卻半天，後來想通「是他們很想重聚」，於是宣告「若是作蘭陵三十，我就願意」，成就了一場回顧台灣當年藝術、社會、政治發展的文化盛事。
「他那種純真乾淨、那種永遠願意給出的大方，實在難得又精彩。」金士傑說，認識吳靜吉卅年，他總是樂意與人分享；看到很小、很可愛的作品，也會手舞足蹈。
金士傑說，許多人年紀漸大，總認為自己見多識廣，何必因為小事驚訝；但七十歲的吳靜吉「從不吝嗇、不怕被認為幼稚」，那種毫無遮掩的熱情，常讓「老靈魂」的金士傑也跟著開心。
紙風車劇團執行長李永豐（右）親吻吳靜吉（左）祝他七十生日快樂。本報資料照片
吳靜吉交遊廣闊，曾任TVBS董事長的邱復生是他知交。邱復生透露「TVBS的民調以準聞名，都是吳靜吉的功勞。」
邱復生說，當時吳靜吉教工作人員問卷設計，以心理學角度排列問題，更能用問卷測量出受訪者的真正意向，甚至還能分台灣人、外國人的心理狀態，讓他佩服不已。
百服寧藥品也與吳靜吉有關。曾從事廣告業的邱復生說，百服寧一開始賣不好，吳靜吉認為是因品名聲韻拗口，於是取了諧音「850」為廣告口號，又與學生激盪出「百服寧、保護您」廣告口號，成為經典slogan。
在邱復生眼中，吳靜吉永遠在笑，讓人覺得沒有壓力。「他總能把枯燥的東西變得有趣，帶給別人快樂。」
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
大河人生／有個夢：富孩子幫窮孩子付學費
【聯合報╱本報記者何定照】
2009.08.23 04:10 am
吳靜吉很早就知道，「教育」是他終身熱愛的工作。圖／吳靜吉提供
初中時，吳靜吉曾想念藝專戲劇科，卻被同學親眼所見澆熄夢想：「那裡的男生都是奶油小生，女生都很漂亮。」吳靜吉自料外表不如人，於是決心延續小學一年級的願望：當教育工作者。
鄉村資源貧瘠，吳靜吉每天總要走九公里，到家裡開的米店看報紙，那是他接觸外在世界的唯一方式。「書那麼好，但學校都沒圖書館。」在吳靜吉理想中，老師也該傳遞教科書以外的知識，並幫助學生了解自己、了解如何和別人相處。
他更夢想未來辦一所「買一送一」的學校。在鄉間，他看過太多窮人家孩子無法升學，「若富孩子讀書時，能一併付一位窮孩子的學費，互相體會給予、獲得的美妙，那該多好？」
滿腔教育使命，在政大念教育系時燒得更旺。由於童年的不快經驗，吳靜吉對別人的不幸都很感興趣，積極輔導起邊緣青少年，尤其是入獄少年。他相信教育是為「幫助人發揮潛力」，開始準備留學時攻讀教育心理學，計畫之詳盡，讓美國大學考官主動要他跳讀博士。
他仍懷著表演藝術之夢。他選的課有兩類，一是外文、外交，「小時每看船進出，就想旅遊世界，到外國學我喜歡的表演藝術」；二是社會、社會工作，「我總對跟我有類似經驗的人同病相憐。」
他也利用暑假到李天民舞蹈社學現代舞、民族舞，甚至參加學校土風舞社，只因那是校內唯一舞蹈社團。他也積極看表演，奈何總有無票可入的時候。一回去聽小提琴家史坦，看到一位年輕人流露和他當年同樣的焦慮，他馬上把票塞給對方，再自我解嘲：「我是替自己解決當年沒機會實現的夢想！」
多年以後，買一送一的學校雖未實現，但曾看似不同路徑的藝術、教育，終於和諧相處。
從跨領域中受益，吳靜吉如今念茲在茲的是，未來需要跨領域的人才，大學評鑑時不能僅以單一面向評跨科系所，「我們現在培養不同的人，就是對未來的貢獻」。
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
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FEMA 災害防救體系
災害防救體系要建置，態度更是關鍵
【聯合報╱社論】
2009.08.23 02:01 am
馬英九總統在災後第十天宣布，立即著手成立隸屬內政部的災害防救總署，地方政府也成立相應配置，並徹底檢討防災體系。
莫拉克颱風重創台灣暴露出防災與救災體系形同虛設，中央缺乏橫向聯繫，未能及時、適切傳遞訊號到地方，極無效率的救災，讓馬政府遭到空前強烈的批評。
早在災後第一時間，救災亂象即讓立委、學界呼籲救災體系不能再不調整，建議設置直屬總統的專責救災機構，並推薦仿照廣獲好評、直屬美國總統的「聯邦緊急救災總署（ＦＥＭＡ）」或日本直屬總理大臣的「緊急災害對策本部」，建置一條鞭式的救災體系才能發揮作用。馬總統的宣示，算是對社會期待的回應。
但是，馬總統提出的新機構，層級未變，功能卻要大增，在實質上有「背心改西裝」的困難，畢竟材料不夠。再說，就算改成了，穿上迷彩裝也不代表就能打仗。不管學ＦＥＭＡ或是日本的緊急災害對策本部，重點應該是學習這些機構的作業態度及原則，絕不是「原裝進口」美日的制度及「標準作業程序」（ＳＯＰ）。
以美國ＦＥＭＡ為例，是一九六八年發生多起大型自然災害之後成立直屬總統的獨立機構，九一一恐怖攻擊事件發生後，改隸新成立的國土安全部，雖然不再直屬總統，但仍是聯邦緊急應變系統ＩＣＳ（Incident Command System）的核心，四個主要任務是防災、整備、應變、復原。
ＦＥＭＡ在布希政府處理卡翠納颶風時遭受嚴重批評，但其效能仍被認為全球第一把，更關鍵的因素是累積經驗、記取教訓、不斷的檢討修正。ＦＥＭＡ的第一個核心精神是各環節權責明確，中央指揮、協調救災，地方執行救災，甚至民間企業也得有列管的災害應變計畫。絕不是國人以為的中央包山包海，跳到第一線代地方政府送糧、抽水。
其次，中央對地方的支援是視地方的努力及準備程度而定。地方要有一套緊急應變計畫，平時反覆演練，災害發生時立即端出計畫按部就班的執行；對這樣「準備好了」的地方政府，上級政府會優先支援、補助；相對的，緊急應變計畫若只是紙上文章，災害來臨時一團亂，則上級不會越俎代庖，也不會像個「富爸爸」，缺什麼就給什麼。
「準備好了」也反映在日常的防災訓練。防災重於救災，ＦＥＭＡ的日常工作是不斷辦理防災訓練，不要求速效，但平時就要做，要準備好。受訓人員不只對公部門國民兵、工程、警察、醫療人員、民間的志工、救難隊，甚至與民眾生活密切相關的保險經紀人、房屋仲介等也都灌輸其防災思維，使能在業務過程第一時間即導入防災警覺。
莫拉克救災，不少被派了任務的部會首長遭批評「外行指導內行」，這在ＦＥＭＡ的運作不會發生，因為即便是美國總統、ＩＣＳ總指揮，都得接受ＦＥＭＡ的防災訓練並考核及格；其下部長級的ＩＣＳ決策委員、縣市長擔任的ＩＣＳ地方指揮官當然更要及格，不「準備好了」是不行的。
「準備好了」還反映在救災的每一個環節，例如通訊。這次莫拉克救災很大的缺點是訊息不明，即便搶進災區的警方、軍方、民間救難隊，各是各的通訊系統，彼此不互通，最後落得靠民間手機系統傳遞訊息，一斷訊，救援工作即停擺。對照美國ＩＣＳ，從總統到地方指揮官，通訊統一，名詞統一，通關密碼一致；不但硬體統一，連操作訓練也「準備好了」。
九二一大地震、颱風、土石流……，台灣每年都傷得很重很慘，但總是事情過去就忘了，從不去檢討、改進，從不記取教訓，應對自然災害始終是「得過且過」。如果仍不能痛定思痛，從建立防災的正確態度出發，只是照搬ＦＥＭＡ或是日本的緊急災害對策本部成立災害防救總署，仍將是個功能不彰的衙門，人民恐仍難逃苦難。
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
1. http://udn.com/NEWS/OPINION/OPI1/5093810.shtml
2.
3. *Federal Emergency Management Agency
Federal Emergency Management Agency
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"FEMA" redirects here. For other uses, see FEMA (disambiguation).
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Agency overview
Formed
April 1, 1979[1]
Employees
6,651 (2008 Budget)[2]
Annual budget
$5.8 billion (2008)[2]
Agency executives
W. Craig Fugate, Administrator David Garratt (Acting), Deputy Administrator
Parent agency
Department of Homeland Security
Website
www.fema.gov
The Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security, initially created by Presidential Order on April 1, 1979.[1][3] The primary purpose of FEMA is to coordinate the response to a disaster that has occurred in the United States and that overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities. The governor of the state in which the disaster occurs must declare a state of emergency and formally request from the president that FEMA and the federal government respond to the disaster. FEMA also provides these services for territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico. The only exception is when an emergency or disaster occurs on federal property or to a federal asset, for example, the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, or the Space Shuttle Columbia in the 2003 return-flight disaster.
While on-the-ground support of disaster recovery efforts is a major part of FEMA's charter, the agency provides state and local governments with experts in specialized fields and funding for rebuilding efforts and relief funds for infrastructure, in conjunction with the Small Business Administration. FEMA also assists individuals and businesses with low interest loans. In addition to this, FEMA provides funds for training of response personnel throughout the United States and
See also
Civil Contingencies Secretariat, United Kingdom equivalent Emergency management agency
FEMA photo library
FEMA Trailer
PDD-62
Public Safety Canada - Canadian counterpart disaster response agency
U.S. Fire Administration
United States Civil Defense
[edit] References
MSNBC Article Senate panel recommends abolishing FEMA
^ a b "Executive Order 12127--Federal Emergency Management Agency". Federation of American Scientists. http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/eo/eo-12127.htm.
^ a b FEMA's FY 2008 Budget Request, March 9, 2007
^ a b Woolley, Lynn (12 September 2005). "FEMA - Disaster of an Agency". http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/9/12/102827.shtml. Retrieved 2007-12-12. "And so it has been since Jimmy Carter created FEMA by executive order on March 30, 1979." See Federation of American Scientists reference above for effective date of April 1, 1979 stated in Executive Order 12127.
^ A History of Emergency Management
^ Article on the RFC from EH.NET's Encyclopedia
^ a b c d Falkenrath, Richard S., "Problems of Preparedness: U.S. Readiness for a Domestic Terrorist Attack" (2001)International Security, Boston.
^ a b c d e Bea, Keith, "Proposed Transfer of FEMA to the Department of Homeland Security", Order Code RL31510 (updated July 29, 2002), Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service: Library of Congress.
^ a b Feberal Emergency Management Agency (1996-02-26). "President Clinton Raises fema Director to Cabinet Status". Press release. http://web.archive.org/web/19970116185236/www.fema.gov/home/NWZ96/cabinet.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
^ Murry, Justin (updated July 10, 2006). "Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Legislation for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data FY1989 to FY2006", CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service: The Library of Congress.
^ Grunwald, Michael, and Susan B. Glasser (December 23, 2005). "Brown's Turf Wars Sapped FEMA's Strength". Washington Post: p. A01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202213.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Senate Bipartisan Committee (February 15, 2006), "The Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington D.C.
^ Senate Bipartisan Committee, 2006, p. 208
^ "Searching in Hope: FEMA's Urban Search and Rescue Teams". FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/remember911/911_search.shtm. Retrieved August 28 2006.
^ "Sun-Sentinel Investigation: FEMA". Sun-Sentinel.com. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-femacoverage,0,6697347.storygallery?coll=sfla-news-utility. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Kestin, Sally, and Megan O'Matz (October 10, 2004). "FEMA gave $21 million in Miami-Dade, where storms were 'like a severe thunderstorm'". Sun-Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-fema10oct10,0,4751704.story. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Kestin, Sally (June 8, 2005). "Homestead women sentenced to probation for cheating FEMA". Sun-Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-fema08jun08,0,1732468.story. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Kestin, Sally; Megan O'Matz; and Jon Burstein (August 10, 2005). "FEMA paid for at least 203 funerals not related to 2004 hurricanes". Sun-Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-fema10aug10,0,2326863.story. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Executive Summary, Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, 2006-2-15, U.S. Government Printing Office, Retrieved 2007-6-11
^ a b FEMA, Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, 2006-2-15, U.S. Government Printing Office, Retrieved 2007-6-11
^ Duval, Stanwood R., Jr.; United States District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana (December 12, 2005). ""Order of December 12, 2005" (Rec. Doc. No. 63)" (PDF). "Beatrice B. Mcwaters, et al. v. Federal Emergency Management Section 'K' (3)" (No. 05-5488). USCourts.gov. http://www.laed.uscourts.gov/GENERAL/Notices/05-5488order.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Duval, Stanwood R., Jr.; United States District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana. ""Modified Order of January 12, 2006" (Ref. Doc. No. 74)" (PDF). "Beatrice B. Mcwaters, et al. v. Federal Emergency Management Section 'K' (3)" (No. 05-5488). USCourts.gov. http://www.laed.uscourts.gov/GENERAL/Notices/order011206.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ FEMA To Melt Ice Stored Since Katrina
^ [1]
^ FEMA Replies To Unjustified Claims Regarding FEMA's Response To Early Snowstorm In Western New York
^ USA Today: Ark. pols blast FEMA for tornado response
^ FEMA Stages Press Conference: Staff Pose As Journalists And Ask ‘Softball’ Questions
^ Why FEMA Fakes it With the Press Amanda Ripley. Time. October 28, 2007.
^ "Press Briefing by Dana Perino". October 26, 2007. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071026-6.html. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
^ "FEMA PR chief loses new job after fake news briefing". CNN. 2007-10-29. http://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/10/29/fema.newser/. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
^ Why FEMA Fakes it With the Press Amanda Ripley. Time. October 28, 2007.
^ Bovard, James (February 19, 1997). "The FEMA Snow Job". Cato Institute. http://www.cato.org/dailys/2-19-97.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Bovard, James (September 1996). "FEMA Money! Come & Get It!". The American Spectator. jimbovard.com. http://www.jimbovard.com/American%20Spectator%20Sept%2096%20FEMA%20Money%20Come%20and%20Get%20It.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Cato Institute (January 1997). "15. Costly Agencies". Cato Handbook for Congress: 105th Congress (spiral edition ed.). Cato Institute. ISBN 1882577515. http://www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb105-15.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ FEMA (July 2004) (in English (Spanish, Korean available)) (text (PDF version)). Help After a Disaster: Applicant's Guide to the Individuals & Households Program. FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/txt/assistance/process/help_after_disaster_english.txt.
^ Serving America's Disaster Victims: FEMA Where Does it Fit? Homeland Security Policy Institute. January 13, 2009.
^ http://www.fema.gov/rebuild/mitigation.shtm#2
^ a b FEMA's Mitigation Directorate Fact Sheet
^ HAZUS is a computer model for hurricane, earthquake, and flood damage estimates.
^ http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/srl/index.shtm
^ Grant Program Comparison: Mitigation Division Grant Programs
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Federal Emergency Management Agency
A History of FEMA
DHS organization
EMI Emergency Management Higher Education Program
FEMA Field Operations Guide Including descriptions of markings on evacuated and searched buildings
FEMA Independent Study Program (ISP) Professional Development Series
FEMA website
FEMAanswers.org - wiki site set up to help Katrina victims
Federal Emergency Management Agency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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【聯合報╱社論】
2009.08.23 02:01 am
馬英九總統在災後第十天宣布，立即著手成立隸屬內政部的災害防救總署，地方政府也成立相應配置，並徹底檢討防災體系。
莫拉克颱風重創台灣暴露出防災與救災體系形同虛設，中央缺乏橫向聯繫，未能及時、適切傳遞訊號到地方，極無效率的救災，讓馬政府遭到空前強烈的批評。
早在災後第一時間，救災亂象即讓立委、學界呼籲救災體系不能再不調整，建議設置直屬總統的專責救災機構，並推薦仿照廣獲好評、直屬美國總統的「聯邦緊急救災總署（ＦＥＭＡ）」或日本直屬總理大臣的「緊急災害對策本部」，建置一條鞭式的救災體系才能發揮作用。馬總統的宣示，算是對社會期待的回應。
但是，馬總統提出的新機構，層級未變，功能卻要大增，在實質上有「背心改西裝」的困難，畢竟材料不夠。再說，就算改成了，穿上迷彩裝也不代表就能打仗。不管學ＦＥＭＡ或是日本的緊急災害對策本部，重點應該是學習這些機構的作業態度及原則，絕不是「原裝進口」美日的制度及「標準作業程序」（ＳＯＰ）。
以美國ＦＥＭＡ為例，是一九六八年發生多起大型自然災害之後成立直屬總統的獨立機構，九一一恐怖攻擊事件發生後，改隸新成立的國土安全部，雖然不再直屬總統，但仍是聯邦緊急應變系統ＩＣＳ（Incident Command System）的核心，四個主要任務是防災、整備、應變、復原。
ＦＥＭＡ在布希政府處理卡翠納颶風時遭受嚴重批評，但其效能仍被認為全球第一把，更關鍵的因素是累積經驗、記取教訓、不斷的檢討修正。ＦＥＭＡ的第一個核心精神是各環節權責明確，中央指揮、協調救災，地方執行救災，甚至民間企業也得有列管的災害應變計畫。絕不是國人以為的中央包山包海，跳到第一線代地方政府送糧、抽水。
其次，中央對地方的支援是視地方的努力及準備程度而定。地方要有一套緊急應變計畫，平時反覆演練，災害發生時立即端出計畫按部就班的執行；對這樣「準備好了」的地方政府，上級政府會優先支援、補助；相對的，緊急應變計畫若只是紙上文章，災害來臨時一團亂，則上級不會越俎代庖，也不會像個「富爸爸」，缺什麼就給什麼。
「準備好了」也反映在日常的防災訓練。防災重於救災，ＦＥＭＡ的日常工作是不斷辦理防災訓練，不要求速效，但平時就要做，要準備好。受訓人員不只對公部門國民兵、工程、警察、醫療人員、民間的志工、救難隊，甚至與民眾生活密切相關的保險經紀人、房屋仲介等也都灌輸其防災思維，使能在業務過程第一時間即導入防災警覺。
莫拉克救災，不少被派了任務的部會首長遭批評「外行指導內行」，這在ＦＥＭＡ的運作不會發生，因為即便是美國總統、ＩＣＳ總指揮，都得接受ＦＥＭＡ的防災訓練並考核及格；其下部長級的ＩＣＳ決策委員、縣市長擔任的ＩＣＳ地方指揮官當然更要及格，不「準備好了」是不行的。
「準備好了」還反映在救災的每一個環節，例如通訊。這次莫拉克救災很大的缺點是訊息不明，即便搶進災區的警方、軍方、民間救難隊，各是各的通訊系統，彼此不互通，最後落得靠民間手機系統傳遞訊息，一斷訊，救援工作即停擺。對照美國ＩＣＳ，從總統到地方指揮官，通訊統一，名詞統一，通關密碼一致；不但硬體統一，連操作訓練也「準備好了」。
九二一大地震、颱風、土石流……，台灣每年都傷得很重很慘，但總是事情過去就忘了，從不去檢討、改進，從不記取教訓，應對自然災害始終是「得過且過」。如果仍不能痛定思痛，從建立防災的正確態度出發，只是照搬ＦＥＭＡ或是日本的緊急災害對策本部成立災害防救總署，仍將是個功能不彰的衙門，人民恐仍難逃苦難。
【2009/08/23 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
1. http://udn.com/NEWS/OPINION/OPI1/5093810.shtml
2.
3. *Federal Emergency Management Agency
Federal Emergency Management Agency
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"FEMA" redirects here. For other uses, see FEMA (disambiguation).
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Agency overview
Formed
April 1, 1979[1]
Employees
6,651 (2008 Budget)[2]
Annual budget
$5.8 billion (2008)[2]
Agency executives
W. Craig Fugate, Administrator David Garratt (Acting), Deputy Administrator
Parent agency
Department of Homeland Security
Website
www.fema.gov
The Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security, initially created by Presidential Order on April 1, 1979.[1][3] The primary purpose of FEMA is to coordinate the response to a disaster that has occurred in the United States and that overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities. The governor of the state in which the disaster occurs must declare a state of emergency and formally request from the president that FEMA and the federal government respond to the disaster. FEMA also provides these services for territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico. The only exception is when an emergency or disaster occurs on federal property or to a federal asset, for example, the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, or the Space Shuttle Columbia in the 2003 return-flight disaster.
While on-the-ground support of disaster recovery efforts is a major part of FEMA's charter, the agency provides state and local governments with experts in specialized fields and funding for rebuilding efforts and relief funds for infrastructure, in conjunction with the Small Business Administration. FEMA also assists individuals and businesses with low interest loans. In addition to this, FEMA provides funds for training of response personnel throughout the United States and
See also
Civil Contingencies Secretariat, United Kingdom equivalent Emergency management agency
FEMA photo library
FEMA Trailer
PDD-62
Public Safety Canada - Canadian counterpart disaster response agency
U.S. Fire Administration
United States Civil Defense
[edit] References
MSNBC Article Senate panel recommends abolishing FEMA
^ a b "Executive Order 12127--Federal Emergency Management Agency". Federation of American Scientists. http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/eo/eo-12127.htm.
^ a b FEMA's FY 2008 Budget Request, March 9, 2007
^ a b Woolley, Lynn (12 September 2005). "FEMA - Disaster of an Agency". http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/9/12/102827.shtml. Retrieved 2007-12-12. "And so it has been since Jimmy Carter created FEMA by executive order on March 30, 1979." See Federation of American Scientists reference above for effective date of April 1, 1979 stated in Executive Order 12127.
^ A History of Emergency Management
^ Article on the RFC from EH.NET's Encyclopedia
^ a b c d Falkenrath, Richard S., "Problems of Preparedness: U.S. Readiness for a Domestic Terrorist Attack" (2001)International Security, Boston.
^ a b c d e Bea, Keith, "Proposed Transfer of FEMA to the Department of Homeland Security", Order Code RL31510 (updated July 29, 2002), Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service: Library of Congress.
^ a b Feberal Emergency Management Agency (1996-02-26). "President Clinton Raises fema Director to Cabinet Status". Press release. http://web.archive.org/web/19970116185236/www.fema.gov/home/NWZ96/cabinet.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
^ Murry, Justin (updated July 10, 2006). "Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Legislation for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data FY1989 to FY2006", CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service: The Library of Congress.
^ Grunwald, Michael, and Susan B. Glasser (December 23, 2005). "Brown's Turf Wars Sapped FEMA's Strength". Washington Post: p. A01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202213.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Senate Bipartisan Committee (February 15, 2006), "The Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington D.C.
^ Senate Bipartisan Committee, 2006, p. 208
^ "Searching in Hope: FEMA's Urban Search and Rescue Teams". FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/remember911/911_search.shtm. Retrieved August 28 2006.
^ "Sun-Sentinel Investigation: FEMA". Sun-Sentinel.com. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-femacoverage,0,6697347.storygallery?coll=sfla-news-utility. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Kestin, Sally, and Megan O'Matz (October 10, 2004). "FEMA gave $21 million in Miami-Dade, where storms were 'like a severe thunderstorm'". Sun-Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-fema10oct10,0,4751704.story. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Kestin, Sally (June 8, 2005). "Homestead women sentenced to probation for cheating FEMA". Sun-Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-fema08jun08,0,1732468.story. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Kestin, Sally; Megan O'Matz; and Jon Burstein (August 10, 2005). "FEMA paid for at least 203 funerals not related to 2004 hurricanes". Sun-Sentinel. http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-fema10aug10,0,2326863.story. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Executive Summary, Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, 2006-2-15, U.S. Government Printing Office, Retrieved 2007-6-11
^ a b FEMA, Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, 2006-2-15, U.S. Government Printing Office, Retrieved 2007-6-11
^ Duval, Stanwood R., Jr.; United States District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana (December 12, 2005). ""Order of December 12, 2005" (Rec. Doc. No. 63)" (PDF). "Beatrice B. Mcwaters, et al. v. Federal Emergency Management Section 'K' (3)" (No. 05-5488). USCourts.gov. http://www.laed.uscourts.gov/GENERAL/Notices/05-5488order.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Duval, Stanwood R., Jr.; United States District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana. ""Modified Order of January 12, 2006" (Ref. Doc. No. 74)" (PDF). "Beatrice B. Mcwaters, et al. v. Federal Emergency Management Section 'K' (3)" (No. 05-5488). USCourts.gov. http://www.laed.uscourts.gov/GENERAL/Notices/order011206.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ FEMA To Melt Ice Stored Since Katrina
^ [1]
^ FEMA Replies To Unjustified Claims Regarding FEMA's Response To Early Snowstorm In Western New York
^ USA Today: Ark. pols blast FEMA for tornado response
^ FEMA Stages Press Conference: Staff Pose As Journalists And Ask ‘Softball’ Questions
^ Why FEMA Fakes it With the Press Amanda Ripley. Time. October 28, 2007.
^ "Press Briefing by Dana Perino". October 26, 2007. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071026-6.html. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
^ "FEMA PR chief loses new job after fake news briefing". CNN. 2007-10-29. http://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/10/29/fema.newser/. Retrieved 2007-10-29.
^ Why FEMA Fakes it With the Press Amanda Ripley. Time. October 28, 2007.
^ Bovard, James (February 19, 1997). "The FEMA Snow Job". Cato Institute. http://www.cato.org/dailys/2-19-97.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Bovard, James (September 1996). "FEMA Money! Come & Get It!". The American Spectator. jimbovard.com. http://www.jimbovard.com/American%20Spectator%20Sept%2096%20FEMA%20Money%20Come%20and%20Get%20It.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ Cato Institute (January 1997). "15. Costly Agencies". Cato Handbook for Congress: 105th Congress (spiral edition ed.). Cato Institute. ISBN 1882577515. http://www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb105-15.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
^ FEMA (July 2004) (in English (Spanish, Korean available)) (text (PDF version)). Help After a Disaster: Applicant's Guide to the Individuals & Households Program. FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/txt/assistance/process/help_after_disaster_english.txt.
^ Serving America's Disaster Victims: FEMA Where Does it Fit? Homeland Security Policy Institute. January 13, 2009.
^ http://www.fema.gov/rebuild/mitigation.shtm#2
^ a b FEMA's Mitigation Directorate Fact Sheet
^ HAZUS is a computer model for hurricane, earthquake, and flood damage estimates.
^ http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/srl/index.shtm
^ Grant Program Comparison: Mitigation Division Grant Programs
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Federal Emergency Management Agency
A History of FEMA
DHS organization
EMI Emergency Management Higher Education Program
FEMA Field Operations Guide Including descriptions of markings on evacuated and searched buildings
FEMA Independent Study Program (ISP) Professional Development Series
FEMA website
FEMAanswers.org - wiki site set up to help Katrina victims
Federal Emergency Management Agency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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2009年8月20日 星期四
孫維新：一個充滿活力的宇宙！
孫維新：一個充滿活力的宇宙！
【聯合報╱孫維新】http://udn.com/NEWS/OPINION/OPI4/5088486.shtml
2009.08.20 04:15 am
孫維新
西元一○八二年，蘇東坡與友人乘舟遊於赤壁之下，在清風明月之中吟詩作賦，同時討論流體力學和天文物理現象，這段探討自然內容有二，一曰「水」，一曰「月」。
蘇氏觀察了江水東流，滔滔不絕，於是作出結論：「逝者如斯，而未嘗往也。」詞句優美，傳頌千古，對流體連續性的瞭解也正確無誤；但要用了現今的科學語言來描述同樣的現象，就成了：「單位時間之內通過單位面積的水量是相同的。」意義相同，但是極端乏味。
蘇氏觀察月相盈虧，終始循環，知道「盈虛者如彼，而卒莫消長也。」月亮的本質不變，月相變化不過是表象的輪替而已。這比辛棄疾認為月亮老是掉到海裡，「怕萬里長鯨，從橫觸破。」要來得高明多了。
我們對大自然的認知，起源於欣賞感動，繼之以分析思辨，最終接觸到自然現象背後的物理定律。說來簡單，但是這條路並不好走，原因就在於日常經驗所培養的「直覺」，常會帶我們走上叉路。
柯南道爾藉著福爾摩斯之口，說了一句經典名言：「沒有比日常生活中顯而易見的『事實』，來得更會騙人的！」的確，太陽的東昇西落，讓托勒密直覺地以為太陽繞著地球轉，也因此這個最符合「直覺」的「地心說」，騙了世人一千五百年之久！
另一個「直覺」騙人的例子，就是我們每個人在空間中移動的「速度」。我們端坐室中，會覺得大地寧靜，沒有移動，實際上地球每天帶著我們繞軸自轉，轉速之快，令人咋舌！
怎麼計算？地球的半徑大約六千四百公里，乘上圓周率再乘上二，就是繞赤道一圈的周長，將近四萬公里，但是在赤道上任何一點，隨著地球自轉一圈回到原來的地方，只需要廿四小時。四萬公里的距離，廿四小時走完一圈，兩者一除，我們在地表的時速將近一千六百公里！
台灣雖不在赤道上，也有一千四百多公里的時速。課堂上每回講到此處，都不禁擲粉筆嘆息，青少年為什麼要去「飆車」呢？只要坐在地上，就能體會速度的快感！這種「飆地球」的極限運動，連安全帽都不用戴！
地球自轉的速度雖然很快，但是比起公轉速度還有一段距離。地球離太陽一億五千萬公里，所以公轉周長是九億公里，公轉一圈需時一年，九億公里除上一年三百六十五天，再除上廿四小時，就得出了地球公轉的速度：每小時十萬公里！
故事尚未結束，太陽帶著八大行星，繞著銀河中心公轉，一圈走下來大約是廿萬光年，需時兩億年，兩者一除，得出速度：每小時一百萬公里！不僅如此，銀河系正以更高的速度對著處女座星系團直奔過去！的確，這是一個「充滿活力的宇宙」，這不是運動飲料的廣告詞，真實情況就是如此，只是我們的「直覺」看不出來。
為了要讓台灣的民眾體會星空之下的感動，同時也能讓我們接觸這些看來違背生活直覺的物理規律，這個暑假我們在中正紀念堂創造了一片星空，讓天文學透過文學、歷史、科技和新知，展現在世人面前。開展前徹夜工作，夜靜更深，走出戶外，徜徉在中正紀念堂周邊的草坪之上，明亮的木星尚未西沉，東方的啟明星已經照耀天際。仰觀星空，俯察大地，深深體會自然之美，宇宙之奇！
回到展場之中，才發現工作人員早就橫七豎八，相與枕藉乎展場之中，不知東方之既白。
（作者為台灣大學物理系與天文物理研究所教授）
【2009/08/20 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
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朱宗慶：路迂迴了一點 卻更接近夢想
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李家同：救災，我們能不能做得更好？
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張小虹：穿衣與不穿衣的地下王國
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焦元溥：來自全世界的愛
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朱雲鵬：高雄縣內門鄉的順賢宮
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孫維新：一個充滿活力的宇宙！
‧
廖玉蕙：如何能微笑以對？
【聯合報╱孫維新】http://udn.com/NEWS/OPINION/OPI4/5088486.shtml
2009.08.20 04:15 am
孫維新
西元一○八二年，蘇東坡與友人乘舟遊於赤壁之下，在清風明月之中吟詩作賦，同時討論流體力學和天文物理現象，這段探討自然內容有二，一曰「水」，一曰「月」。
蘇氏觀察了江水東流，滔滔不絕，於是作出結論：「逝者如斯，而未嘗往也。」詞句優美，傳頌千古，對流體連續性的瞭解也正確無誤；但要用了現今的科學語言來描述同樣的現象，就成了：「單位時間之內通過單位面積的水量是相同的。」意義相同，但是極端乏味。
蘇氏觀察月相盈虧，終始循環，知道「盈虛者如彼，而卒莫消長也。」月亮的本質不變，月相變化不過是表象的輪替而已。這比辛棄疾認為月亮老是掉到海裡，「怕萬里長鯨，從橫觸破。」要來得高明多了。
我們對大自然的認知，起源於欣賞感動，繼之以分析思辨，最終接觸到自然現象背後的物理定律。說來簡單，但是這條路並不好走，原因就在於日常經驗所培養的「直覺」，常會帶我們走上叉路。
柯南道爾藉著福爾摩斯之口，說了一句經典名言：「沒有比日常生活中顯而易見的『事實』，來得更會騙人的！」的確，太陽的東昇西落，讓托勒密直覺地以為太陽繞著地球轉，也因此這個最符合「直覺」的「地心說」，騙了世人一千五百年之久！
另一個「直覺」騙人的例子，就是我們每個人在空間中移動的「速度」。我們端坐室中，會覺得大地寧靜，沒有移動，實際上地球每天帶著我們繞軸自轉，轉速之快，令人咋舌！
怎麼計算？地球的半徑大約六千四百公里，乘上圓周率再乘上二，就是繞赤道一圈的周長，將近四萬公里，但是在赤道上任何一點，隨著地球自轉一圈回到原來的地方，只需要廿四小時。四萬公里的距離，廿四小時走完一圈，兩者一除，我們在地表的時速將近一千六百公里！
台灣雖不在赤道上，也有一千四百多公里的時速。課堂上每回講到此處，都不禁擲粉筆嘆息，青少年為什麼要去「飆車」呢？只要坐在地上，就能體會速度的快感！這種「飆地球」的極限運動，連安全帽都不用戴！
地球自轉的速度雖然很快，但是比起公轉速度還有一段距離。地球離太陽一億五千萬公里，所以公轉周長是九億公里，公轉一圈需時一年，九億公里除上一年三百六十五天，再除上廿四小時，就得出了地球公轉的速度：每小時十萬公里！
故事尚未結束，太陽帶著八大行星，繞著銀河中心公轉，一圈走下來大約是廿萬光年，需時兩億年，兩者一除，得出速度：每小時一百萬公里！不僅如此，銀河系正以更高的速度對著處女座星系團直奔過去！的確，這是一個「充滿活力的宇宙」，這不是運動飲料的廣告詞，真實情況就是如此，只是我們的「直覺」看不出來。
為了要讓台灣的民眾體會星空之下的感動，同時也能讓我們接觸這些看來違背生活直覺的物理規律，這個暑假我們在中正紀念堂創造了一片星空，讓天文學透過文學、歷史、科技和新知，展現在世人面前。開展前徹夜工作，夜靜更深，走出戶外，徜徉在中正紀念堂周邊的草坪之上，明亮的木星尚未西沉，東方的啟明星已經照耀天際。仰觀星空，俯察大地，深深體會自然之美，宇宙之奇！
回到展場之中，才發現工作人員早就橫七豎八，相與枕藉乎展場之中，不知東方之既白。
（作者為台灣大學物理系與天文物理研究所教授）
【2009/08/20 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
displayTrackBackMenu2('5088486','')
看看誰引用()
熱門引用排行
‧
朱宗慶：路迂迴了一點 卻更接近夢想
‧
李家同：救災，我們能不能做得更好？
‧
張小虹：穿衣與不穿衣的地下王國
‧
焦元溥：來自全世界的愛
‧
朱雲鵬：高雄縣內門鄉的順賢宮
‧
孫維新：一個充滿活力的宇宙！
‧
廖玉蕙：如何能微笑以對？
論炒飯 【聯合報╱焦桐】
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【聯合報╱焦桐】http://www.udn.com/2009/8/19/NEWS/READING/X5/5085707.shtml
2009.08.19 03:54 am
我每次在外頭吃炒飯，吃不到半盤，即看到泡在油水裡的米飯，這種油泡飯僅能用來謀殺仇家，生命誠可貴，自己千萬別想不開……
圖／徐秀美
珊珊念小學時，有一回在家裡開睡衣派對，邀了幾個同窗小女生來住，我感染了她們歡樂的情緒，無法閒著，剛好家裡有鳳梨，遂使用一整顆鳳梨作了原盅鳳梨炒飯──將鳳梨對切，剜起果肉，切丁；拌炒青豆、火腿丁、腰果、蝦仁等等食材。再將炒好的飯裝入略微烤過的鳳梨盅，撒上些許肉鬆。小朋友們忽然像餓狼，差點連鳳梨皮也吃掉。
坊間不乏教人家怎麼炒飯的食譜，卻總是缺乏想像力，光是圖片，每一盤看起來多長得很像，油光閃閃，蛋花錯落在一坨一坨的米飯蔥花間，格格不入似地。我對廚師們下重油炒飯頗為不屑，兩人份炒飯居然就倒入五大匙油，這叫哪門子鬼炒飯？不過是把飯泡在油裡加熱罷了。我每次在外頭吃炒飯，吃不到半盤，即看到泡在油水裡的米飯，這種油泡飯僅能用來謀殺仇家，生命誠可貴，自己千萬別想不開。
炒飯有著克難的意思，我的朋友方杞當年購置新屋，咬緊牙根，決定吃十年蛋炒飯，氣魄動人。的確，飢餓時面對一碗盛得滿滿的蛋炒飯，就像貧農面對豐收的穀倉。
炒飯還帶著寂寞的性格，完整而自足，不需要佐以其他菜肴，一般餐會也不將它列入菜單。往往是這樣：想獨自、快速而簡單地解決一頓飯，又希望能吃出點意思，走進餐館就點了一客炒飯。遺憾坊間鮮有餐館能炒出好飯。炒飯本小利薄，餐廳多不用心計較，間接使它成為最家常的料理。
炒飯因配料、炒法之異而變化無窮，諸如韓式泡菜炒飯、日式湯泡炒飯、印度咖哩炒飯、越南香辣魚肉炒飯、西班牙海鮮炒飯、義式野米炒飯、新疆的葡萄乾炒飯等等。新疆的葡萄乾炒飯採煸炒方式，用熟羊肉、葡萄乾、青椒、胡蘿蔔、洋蔥炒製，甜鹹合奏，色澤豔麗；西班牙炒飯是先炒再煮，將長米炒過，再加入配料和高湯煮熟；印尼炒飯搭配沙爹、蝦片，和當地略帶膠質的甜醬油，飯上再擱一顆半熟的蛋；潮州人歡喜用烏橄欖來炒飯，烏橄欖即鹹水欖，取其化滯效用，乃潮州口味加上泰式炒法的觀念所發展而出……
我愛吃的包括台味十足的櫻花蝦炒飯、粵式的鹹魚雞粒炒飯、南洋風的鳳梨炒飯。櫻花蝦只產於台灣的東港和日本的駿河灣，來台灣的遊客可知把握機會？
許多食物之所以美味，端賴食材的鮮度，所謂九分材料一分功夫；炒飯則相當程度得靠技術。頗有些大餐廳能作出好菜，炒出來的飯卻不忍卒睹。謝青返台，邀我在一家上海館子餐敘，確是名餐廳，湯包、炒河蝦仁都在水準之上；壞就壞在我突然想吃炒飯，於是加點了一客揚州炒飯。那盤炒飯連飯都沒炒勻，東一坨油黃，西一坨未沾到醬油的白飯，毛豆、香菇丁、香腸、蔥花扞格地攪在盤子裡，面對這樣的東西，忽覺剛才下肚的食物皆是欺瞞，四面八方洶湧起食客的嘈雜聲，感情受騙般，頓生感傷，胸中升起一種何必當初的懊惱。
我常在台大附近吃炒飯，有時逛書店，會想快速解決一餐，輒在「鳳城」吃臘味炒飯，或「大聲公」吃粵式揚州炒飯。有一天從騎樓下經過，忽覺觸目驚心。原來「大聲公」已拉下鐵門，不知去向，牆上歪歪斜斜噴了許多漆，語氣憤懣且帶著咀咒，痛罵店家惡性倒閉，避債中國大陸，令他出面還債，否則不得好死云云。我小心繞過滿地垃圾和蛋殼，竟有一種懼怖之感。那些蛋殼自然不是蛋炒飯留下來的。
不知何時開始？我們台灣人變得暴躁易怒，憤怒時習慣向對方丟擲雞蛋。罪過罪過。須知雞蛋是尤物，對付雞蛋的最佳手段是放進鍋裡，無論煎、煮、炒都很香，實不宜如此虛擲。我們的文化猶相當貧困，總是不太會將正確的東西擺在適當的位置。好比舌頭，是一種階級分明的器官，最高級的舌頭用來品味美食，和愛人接吻；次等的舌頭用來讚美上帝；最低賤是政客的舌頭，用來噴口水。
炒飯中最基本的配料是蛋，即使不再添加其他配料，蛋也能獨自擔綱，不辱使命。澳門機場貴賓室裡的食物少得幾近寒酸，卻有不俗的蛋炒飯，簡單，清爽，顆粒分明的白米飯上沾著均勻的蛋花，不油膩又飽含飯、蛋結合之香，我幾次過境澳門機場，總似聽見它在召喚，喚我趕緊進去填飽肚子，免受飛機餐荼毒。
我曾經走進一家知名的寧波館子，整面牆壁龍飛鳳舞著名人們的簽名式，想來大家都欣賞這館子的手段。我點了一客炒飯，奇怪那盤飯是用蛋先炒過再淋上膾料，分不清是炒還是膾？我望著眼前這盤怪異的飯，不知該動筷子還是湯匙？只知鹹得要命，連菜肉餛飩湯也是死鹹。
在台北，「儂來」的烏魚子炒飯是我較認同的炒飯美學，它結合了松子、東港烏魚子、宜蘭蔥，飯粒分明，不油膩，香味驚人，帶著華麗感。
我走過的城市以香港的炒飯最靚，許多酒樓、茶餐廳都供應炒飯，五花八門，如尖沙咀金域假日酒店「龍苑」中餐廳的「南ㄚ島蝦醬蝦仁炒飯」，鬆、爽、清、彈牙，嘗過即留下深刻的思念。此飯曾獲香港「美食之最大賞」炒飯組榮譽金獎，選用鹹度較溫和的南ㄚ島蝦醬，再加酒和糖調味，另以蝦仁和蝦乾作配料，頗有三蝦同堂的意思。這類炒飯皆鼓猛火快炒，飯粒鬆爽彈牙，口味偏重，透露一種特殊的鑊氣。
很多人談到廚藝時自嘲說：「我只會炒飯。」連蔣介石都曾下廚炒飯給宋美齡吃。高雄餐旅學院陳嘉謨教授的《炒飯72變》除了各式炒飯食譜，更有意思的是提供炒飯吃不完時的變化方式，諸如烤成三角飯糰，或煮為鹹粥、蒸竹筒飯、捲壽司、酥炸飯丸、起司焗飯。
炒飯易作難工，一個廚師的手段如何，視其炒飯便能分曉。市面上的炒飯多粗製濫造，吃不到好的炒飯，只好親自研發。幾年來，我對炒飯已略有心得，可提供同好參考，就以鹹魚雞粒炒飯為例。
炒飯像作詩，騙不了人的，看一眼、吃一口即知好歹。我們讀小說、散文之初，即使有點陳腔濫調，也不敢遽下論斷，總要讀到一半以上，才見優劣。詩作就不然，不會前面一兩行作得很糟，後面突然變成佳構。
一盤好的炒飯像一首意象準確的詩，有效召喚飢餓感。炒飯是基本功，一個能炒出好飯的廚師，等於具備深厚的內力，有什麼功夫他學不精湛？
首先，炒飯不意味著剩飯再利用。我們用隔夜飯來炒，卻往往被誤會成昨天沒吃完的剩飯，這是畫虎不成反類犬，未把握炒飯的精神面貌。將煮好的飯送進冰箱冷藏，目的是再蒸發水氣，使飯粒更乾燥、結實；此外是溫度差所催化的彈牙口感，蓋寒冷的飯粒邂逅極熱的鍋，會產生雀躍的激情，一粒粒在鍋裡跳著舞，使炒的過程即充滿視覺美感。
（上）
【2009/08/18 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
論炒飯（下）
【聯合報╱焦桐】
2009.08.20 03:45 am
炒飯很簡單，較繁瑣的程序是前置作業。預先將所有食材切得如米粒般大小，此處刀工講究的是秩序，如傳統詩之要求格律……
圖／徐秀美一盤高明的炒飯絕不能馬虎將就，從米的選擇、淘洗即須講究。蓬萊米黏、軟的質地不合適炒飯，最好選用再來米，取其黏性小、顆粒分明；其次如印度、泰國的長米也行。若一時只有蓬萊米可用，也不必沮喪，唯煮飯時先降低米和水的比例為0.9：1，煮熟後只取上層的飯來炒。
再來米須迅速淘洗，迅速倒棄洗米水，避免米糠味滲入米內。淘洗清潔後，瀝乾，再送入冰箱，充分揮除水分，這樣才能精準控制米飯的軟硬度；蓋炒飯成功的關鍵在於使用的飯，而煮飯成功的關鍵即在水分的把握。
煮飯體現剛柔相濟之道。飯煮熟了，先以飯杓輕輕翻拌，使米飯散發多餘的蒸氣，並令其自然冷卻。
炒飯通常會加蛋──先將蛋略炒再加進飯裡，帶著同床異夢的況味；這是笨方法。我的策略和梁實秋一樣：先將蛋打勻傾入飯裡，務使每一粒米充分吸收蛋液，這樣炒出來的飯看不到蛋，卻飽含蛋香，耐於咀嚼。
浸泡蛋液的飯須冷藏，以維持鮮度。至於炒料，口味因人而殊，我個人偏愛的鹹魚為澳門「棠記」的馬友魚，和馬來西亞的油浸梅香馬鮫魚。這是日常消耗品，每次我去澳門和馬來西亞，總刻意多補充一些貨返台。馬友魚的鹹味表現為一種腐香，剛蒸的時候，滿室揮之不去的臭氣，經過去骨、油泡，下鍋之後卻瞬間化腐朽為神奇，異香誘人饞涎，像一則鼓舞人心的勵志故事。不僅炒飯，這種鹹魚像極了睿智的幕僚，能力超強卻從不功高震主，從不強出頭，安安分分扮演著最佳配角，搭配什麼就香什麼──炒青菜，使青菜雍容華貴；蒸鮮魚，使鮮味充滿了戲劇性張力；若用來煨肉，會使一塊平庸的肉，有了不俗的氣質……
炒飯很簡單，較繁瑣的程序是前置作業。預先將所有食材切得如米粒般大小，此處刀工講究的是秩序，如傳統詩之要求格律，食材須切割得整齊畫一，這不僅影響觀瞻，更要緊的是令其受熱程度相同，口感和諧。
炒飯前先爆香辛香料備用。雞肉最好選用上腿嫩肉，切粒，過油泡熱後，將鹹魚切碎拌炒，飯即可下鑊。飯下鍋前須攤開推散，以免炒糊。
優秀的炒飯不能看見油水。油水是累贅的修飾，像疊床架屋的形容詞和副詞，徒然干擾意象，破壞效果。炒飯只有在剛開始爆香辛料時需要用一點油，之後完全不必加油，翻炒米飯時若覺得鍋內太乾，則在鍋沿灑一點點水、酒即可。飯快炒好時視個人口味加入辛香料，稍微拌炒即搞定。
炒，是中華料理獨特的技藝，基本精神是以大火、熱油迅速翻鍋拌炒到食物飽滿光潤、清鮮軟嫩的效果。這種手段乃從煎發展出來，後魏．賈思勰《齊民要術》載「鴨煎法」就是將肥嫩鴨肉細剉，加蔥白、豆豉，炒到極熟，加辣椒薑末吃。宋代以降，炒法已是烹飪中廣泛運用的技巧，《東京夢華錄》、《夢粱錄》、《吳氏中饋錄》都頗有記述。
炒法大抵可分為生炒、熟炒、清炒、滑炒、煸炒、軟炒、湯炒、水炒、小炒、抓炒、焦炒。我研發的炒飯勉強可歸屬熟炒和軟炒兩路的綜合，又不完全像，因我並不勾芡，未糊澥原料。熟炒是將熟製品經刀工處理，以少油炒成，此法能進一步排出原料內的水分，進而吸收調味料，所以口味濃郁；而軟炒的原料須加工成細粒或茸狀，澥液後再炒。
如果實在猴急，等不及用冷飯炒製，得使用剛煮好的飯時，則避免使用平底鍋，須用深鍋，以大火滑炒、翻炒。
如果不是那次吃到冷掉的咖哩豬排飯，我還算常吃「美觀園」的蛋包飯。那天中午，添茶水的服務員誤將茶倒進炸天婦羅而沒有任何歉意，我已經很不爽了，端上來的豬排飯所澆淋的咖哩竟是冷的。這家老店是徹底本土化的日本料理店，餐館已經蓋矗立起兩棟對望的樓房了，猶帶著濃濃的台灣路邊攤氛圍，生猛有力，其蛋包飯裡除了大量的番茄醬，還有幾條醬黃瓜。來到門口，服務員以口齒不清的日語大聲喊「歡迎光臨」，喔，原來是日本料理店。
蛋包飯的蛋一定要煎得柔軟，吹彈得破的程度，才算高明。日本人擅長製作蛋包飯，伊丹十三的電影作品《蒲公英》最令我垂涎的，除了拉麵，就是那盤蛋包飯了。丐幫高廚為了滿足那小孩對蛋包飯的渴望，偷溜進大飯店的廚房裡：那場戲像色彩的魔術，流暢的運鏡描述熟練的技藝，逗趣的動作和配樂，均勻沾著番茄汁的飽滿飯粒，冒著熱煙；丐幫高廚在平底鍋內搖煎蛋液，迅速將半熟的金黃蛋皮，披風般披上橘紅的炒飯上，蛋皮崩裂，蛋液流瀉而下，香味躍動在我的想像中。
我難忘這部電影裡的另一個場景：中年男子趕回家，在年幼的兒女面前，拚命搖醒彌留中的妻子，焦急中充滿了不捨，遂大聲咆哮妻子起來炒飯，全家人都還未吃晚餐哩，你怎麼可以睡著？你怎麼可以閉起眼睛？責任感終於逼他的病妻站起來，在全家人驚詫的眼光中，蹣跚走進廚房，拚盡全力作出生命最後的蛋炒飯。她的丈夫兒女含淚咀嚼，認真品嘗媽媽的味道。
炒飯，像一首流浪者之歌，總是帶著孤獨的況味。一個人吃飯，不會點一桌菜肴，最簡單便捷的莫如炒一盤飯。中央大學門口有一座高爾夫球練習場，我回家前有時先去揮揮桿，肚子餓了，球場對面就是「新陶芳」，這餐館的蝦仁蛋炒飯無疑是我最常吃的炒飯，我吃飯時，常低頭尋思剛才擊球的問題。
其實我一直酷愛激烈運動。剛開始，我有點逼迫自己選擇這項相當不耗體力的運動，是希望在可怕的忙碌中能暫時喘息，讓快速節奏的生活透透氣，散散步。我在擊球時往往不自覺想令球飛得遠，遂不自覺握緊了球桿，揮桿時反而缺乏力道。有人說過：「握緊拳頭時，好像抓住了許多東西，其實連空氣都沒抓到。」我的生活為什麼那麼久沒有了詩？這幾年，大概太急切想抓住某些事物了，難怪總覺得不實在，也不快樂。
學校的鐘聲又響了。這家餐館的蝦仁蛋炒飯味道很一般，卻陪伴我的教學生活，和擊球光陰。
（下） ※延伸閱讀》 ‧論炒飯（上）
【2009/08/19 聯合報】@ http://udn.com/
2009年8月16日 星期日
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莫拉克颱風救災http://www.google.com.tw/intl/zh-TW/landing/morakot/
八八水災即時災情
8月7日登陸的莫拉克颱風挾帶大量豪雨，「八八水災」造成全台人民生命財產極大損失。此救災專區彙整風災水災相關資訊，大家一起多多留意災情及救災資訊，共同協助救援行動。您可以查看最近的新聞以及 YouTube 上的影片。
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救災地圖
1. 莫拉克颱風颱風莫拉克重創臺灣馬英九面臨考驗-兩岸新聞-新浪新聞中心
2009年8月14日 ... 據臺灣中央社消息，截至8月12日下午2時，『莫拉克』颱風共造成台67人 ... 臺灣《中國時報》社論說，這次僅是中度颱風，卻下了3倍雨量，匪夷所思。 ...news.sina.com.tw/article/20090814/2034093.html - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
2. 莫拉克颱風專輯- Yahoo!奇摩話題
2009年8月8日 ... 《社論》重建家園大家一起來. 更新日期：2009/08/15. 莫拉克颱風肆虐中南部，災情慘重，造成空前浩劫，到處柔腸寸斷，怵目驚心，災民不時傳出呼救 ...tw.topic.yahoo.com/morakot/article/url/d/.../1p3g7.html - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
3. 痛定思痛：朝野同心協助災民重建家園 社論 意見評論 聯合新聞網
【聯合報╱社論】. 2009.08.10 03:53 am. 苦旱多時、渴望颱風帶來降雨紓解旱象的台灣民眾，對莫拉克先前確有寄望；但沒料到莫拉克是個包藏禍心的狠角色，讓中南部慘遭 ...udn.com/NEWS/OPINION/OPI1/5067882.shtml - 類似內容
4. [HI-ON]鯨魚網站-【外電】莫拉克颱風和馬英九的綽號
2009年8月13日 ... 對急如星火的救災行動馬政府竟採〝三不〞政策(08/13, 自由時報社論) ... 莫拉克颱風的侵襲證明了馬英九完全缺乏領導能力的事實。 ... 被颱風侵襲破壞之後，而且一週以後還沒有實現政府該有的應對，馬英九已訴諸於指責別人的把戲了。 ...www.hi-on.org.tw/bulletins.jsp?b_ID=92775 - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
5. 莫拉克颱風暴雨不斷！ 東京大淹水 台灣環境資訊協會-環境資訊中心
2009年8月9日 ... 台灣飽受水患肆虐，臨近的日本，也因為莫拉克颱風的外圍環流逼近，出現狂風暴雨，讓人難以想像的是，就連排水系統完善的日本首都東京，竟然也驚傳大淹 ...e-info.org.tw/node/45906 - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
莫拉克颱風影響台東海岸現漂流木災情 台灣環境資訊協會-環境資訊中心
2009年8月12日 ... 莫拉克颱風來襲，南台東災情慘重，知本以北雖無立即災情，然而台東市北邊大港──富岡漁港已塞滿50年來最大量的漂流木，漁業和船運業皆已癱瘓，預計最 ...e-info.org.tw/node/45980 - 類似內容
7. 莫拉克-MSN綜合搜尋
2009年8月13日 ... 願台灣人民共同攜手渡過莫拉克颱風的苦難，8/30號桃園募款晚會, 免費入場 ... 由於受到地形影響，加上導引氣流依然不太明顯，莫拉克颱風在未來24 ...isearch.msn.com.tw/Default.aspx?q=莫拉克 - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
8. 中央日報網路報-海峽視點
泰國世界日報社論----莫拉克颱風再次為台灣帶來警訊. http://www.cdnews.com.tw 2009-08-11 08:42:02. 泰國世界日報11日社論:台灣正遭逢50年來最大水災。中颱莫拉克 ...www.cdnews.com.tw/cdnews_site/docDetail.jsp?... - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
9. 莫拉克颱風造成浙江逾百萬人受災 苦勞網
2009年8月9日 ... 中國大陸浙江省防汛抗旱指揮部表示，截至今天下午3時，受莫拉克颱風 ... 浙江省氣象台今天下午4時再次發佈緊急警報指出，莫拉克颱風今天下午4時20分在 ...www.coolloud.org.tw/node/44303 - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
10. [轉載]2009.08.07 莫拉克颱風災情回報網與相關資訊(TBA/Billypan) 台灣 ...
[轉載]2009.08.07 莫拉克颱風災情回報網與相關資訊(TBA/Billypan). 0 回應 轉寄文章 2009-08-09 返回列表 無所不出差錯的執政團隊（自由社論） ...www.shadowgov.tw/24069_0_is.htm - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
贊助商連結
1. 莫拉克風災即時災情
www.google.com.tw/sos 即時更新水災新聞、影片、災區地圖 以及捐款管道和官方資訊。
2. 博客來》你買我捐 投入救災
www.books.com.tw 博客來將捐出8/11-8/31期間部分營業 額,投入救災,幫助災民重建家園
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陳文茜：最無情的災難 上天想向世人說什麼？
(2009/08/15 21:21)
政治中心／綜合報導 八八水災讓小林村確定滅村。直升機救災大隊隊員向已殉職的兄弟們脫帽致敬後，含淚冒生命危險繼續救災。 資深媒體人陳文茜15日在蘋果日報撰文說，日本媒體以兩百年日據水文資料報導，這是「兩百年台灣最大災害」；氣象局統計光是阿里山8月7日至8月10日即降雨約2700公釐；以此計算我們所經歷的這場災難，降雨量為50年前「八七水災」的兩倍半之多（八七水災雨量約為800到1200公釐）；災難不只是颱風，而是西南氣流引來的雨災、山崩、山洪暴發、土石流、惡水改道……；與颱風的中度、強度並無直接關連。 2009年8月8日起，許多人的人生，從此改變了；許多人的家園，從此永埋回憶；許多人的生命，戛然終止。荖濃溪昔日孕育了無數的生命，潰堤後的荖濃溪卻像追命的殺手，滾滾濁流追得百姓四竄逃亡。 斷斷續續哭了數天，我走上北部一座山頂，望著山上的雲，白鳥正從眼前飛翔越過，農夫們忙著復耕花圃田園。如果雨下於台北近郊任何一個山頭，這些苦難的承受者正是我及眼前的村莊。我相信崇敬的上天，於是抬頭問蒼天：「想告訴世人什麼？」上帝以最無情的災難，想讓我們學習什麼？ 2005 年8月底美國發生卡特里娜颶風，死亡1833人，財產損失812億美元。驕傲的帝國有若長期CNN報導的非洲第三世界，只是鏡頭出現的是美國總統布希、路易斯安那州州長，開口怒罵政府甚至滿街燒殺擄掠，所有「暴民們」都是美國公民。那一場風災使美國前副總統戈爾痛下決心，拍攝《不願面對的真相》紀錄片，高呼正視“全球暖化”。 2009年8月8日大雨雖已無情的傾落南部山中，總統初始會報只責怪當時氣象局預報不準與水利署治水無效。就在這場卸責會議後不到數小時，小林滅村，金帥屋倒，荖濃溪潰堤。上天無情的步伐，摧毀數百萬人的家園，雨一直落，落到周美青勘災時，一位災民竟求她祈天，「請祂高抬貴手，不要再下雨了。」我們的反省，抵不上上天落雨的速度。 可能直到八八水災一周後，我們才明白災難的幅度與傷害程度，遠遠萬倍超過眾人的預期。坐在山頂的某一個凹處，我眺望腳下蜿蜒河流，台北，川流車行住藏百萬戶人家。大地，是多少人的寄託！它平時無言，憤怒時摧毀力量卻這麼龐大！多少人的一生，就寄存於大地的容忍，肆情地築夢一切，並視之為當然。我從來沒有覺得自己和上天這麼接近，在搖籃曲中、在原住民的歌謠裡，我們聽過許多大地的故事；從未想到有一天容忍的大地，會醒來、會憤怒、會抗議。 你我都是這場風災僥倖的存活者；如果災難發生於我們居住鄰近地點的山脈，滅村逃亡或家園全毀的，就是倖存的我們。受難的人，只是代我們受過；上天留下我們，要生存者善待大地，並做些什麼。 災後第八天，救難英雄們仍前仆後繼。讓我們為他們祈福、加油，並以最誠摯的感念向他們許諾，台灣將實踐一場土地保育的行動計劃。他們的犧牲、冒險犯難，換來的不會是空白。
八八水災國軍救災
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要命的水要命的水http://www.cw.com.tw/article/index.jsp?id=38609
作者：蕭富元 出處：天下雜誌 428期 2009/08
相關關鍵字：要命的水/水足跡
一個從東邊來的中度颱風，讓台灣在二十四小時內，從七年來最嚴重的乾旱危機，掉進另外一個五十年來最嚴重的水患危機。
專輯精采重點：
．【互動討論區】莫拉克颱風，八八水患重創台灣－你還能做什麼？．【深入災區】天下記者現場直擊颱風災區．【貢獻力量】颱風重創，愛心捐款帳戶
一個從東邊來的中度颱風，讓台灣在二十四小時內，從七年來最嚴重的乾旱危機，掉進另外一個五十年來最嚴重的水患危機。
台南麻豆、學甲，嘉義民雄、水上，高雄甲仙、桃源，屏東林邊、佳冬，台東知本、太麻里等數十個南台灣鄉鎮，二六％的國土淹水，宛如漫漫汪洋中載浮載沉的星星孤舟。
莫拉克颱風侵襲三天，屏東山區累計雨量超過兩千五百毫米，幾乎把台灣一年的雨都下光了。全台共有十四個測雨站單日雨量突破一千毫米。史上前十大降雨排行榜裡，莫拉克就「霸佔」了九個。
蓄水率瀕臨下限的石門水庫（三一％）和曾文水庫（二五％）都開始洩洪。行政院原本要召開的第六次抗旱會議，已無人關心，部會首長急著南下搶救水災。
孤處在新營市中心的台南縣政府，四周淹大水，縣長蘇煥智被困在救災指揮中心裡，心情焦急。他剛剛得知，哥哥在七股經營的養雞場淹沒，一萬多隻雞全部溺斃。
這是台灣最大的反諷，天災（乾旱）要靠天災（水患）來解除。這次淹大水的南台灣，正好是台灣最乾旱的區域。可是豪雨下個幾天，灌飽水庫，未來兩、三個月如果持續高溫炎熱，也沒有颱風報到，到了明年初，台灣又將拉起乾旱警報。
莫拉克登陸之前三天，中研院環境變遷研究中心主任劉紹臣，在接受《天下》採訪時，就預言這個颱風的雨一定「非常大」。台灣的氣候變遷太極端，加上今年海水溫度升溫，颱風吸納更多水汽，下起雨來將十分驚人。
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朋友傳來咱們老友輔大柏殿宏神父(Fr. Budenholzer)的轉載------I thought you would like to know!--- On Sat, 8/15/09, dr chiang chiahsing wrote:
From: dr chiang chiahsingSubject: FW: The first hand report from TaiwanTo: "dr chiang chiahsing" Date: Saturday, August 15, 2009, 2:10 PM
Subject: FW: The first hand report from Taiwan
A forward email from Farther Budenholzer at Fu-Jen University about Typhoon Morakot. God bless all the relief workers!
Dear Friends,
Greetings from Taiwan ! Thanks to all of you for helping to make a wonderful retreat and alumni workshop.
Since arriving in Taiwan on Wednesday evening, I have been at least partially occupied with trying to get a picture of the situation of our SVD priests and brothers in Chiayi. We have several parishes in the high mountains of Chiayi County , Alishan. All of the SVDs are safe, though many are still cut off without electricity.
I attach to this e-mail two "stories" written by Fr. Brian Lawless, SVD who is at our main house in Chiayi city. The story of our gardener, Mr. Deng, who died as his home was swept away, while his brother watched helplessly in the car only a few meters away, maybe represents the human cost of typhoon Morakat.
Below I also reproduce an e-mail that Fr. Lawless sent me today. It is less polished than the stories, but conveys the magnitude of the difficulties.
In these few lines my concern is with the high mountains of Alishan County where the SVD work. Pingtung and Kaohsiung counties seemed to have been even worse affected with greater loss of life.
We pray for those who have lost so much in the devastation.
Frank Budenholzer, SVD
***********************
Hello Frank,The relief effort is getting into full swing here is Chiayi.1. Chiayi Diocese has set up one centre to receive donations of money and goods. Along with St. Martin 's hospital, they will be sending a convoy to the mountains.2. Fujen High School is also organizing a relief convoy. They will send the relief goods by road to Lung Mei. From there, they will be carried down to Shanmei by volunteers. As of this moment they say they have enough volunteers.3. Xinmei is still cut off and to date they have not managed to rig a cable to send goods across by cage. Piotr says he himself has sufficient food at the moment, but what most people there need is food, gas and gasoline. Helicopters have been able to land in Xinmei primary school and deliver reflief goods there. One death has been reported from there, due to illness.4. Helicopters have been able to land at Dabang primary school to deliver relief supplies and to ferry people out. Students arriving down are being housed in the Dormitories in Fujen High school . Some of them have reported that the devestation in the area is very extensive.5. According to reports from Fenchihu, a road should be opened soon via Guanghua.6. Lijia village has been extensively damaged. The church there was also destroyed. 7. Reports from Laiji say that the church there was severly damaged by rockfalls and is unusable.8. The funeral of Mr Deng and his mother has been arranged for 22nd August. The SVD will contribute 100,000 to cover the cost of the ossuaries in the Catholic Cemetry (about 75,000 plus flowers for the chuch etc)9. The Chiayi SVD is in close touch with people in most of the villages effected. The current relief operations by the Government, Chiayi Diocese and the Catholic Schools are probably sufficient for the moment. There is no shortage of volunteers. The real need will come later when reconstruction begins. According to Lin Ruo Wang, the most important thing is to find out what the real needs are before sending in too much of the wrong thing.10. Finally, Piotr has been doing visitations every day.
Typhoon Morakot – Tragedy Close to Home
Tomorrow it will be one week since Typhoon Morakat hit Taiwan bringing to the southern
half of the country a deluge of rain the likes of which has not seen since the time of Noah. Every
year we have five or six typhoons and this one was not expected to be any different. Just how
different it was to be is still not fully known. Each day brings fresh reports as rescuers slowly battle
their way through landslides and across raging torrents to reach isolated villages in the mountain
areas. For many places, the only possible access is by helicopter, but they cannot fly in rainstorms,
clouds and fog. They have to wait for the weather to clear before beginning operations.
As the news unfolded during the next few days, stories of tragedy began to emerge. First
there were cars swept away in swollen rivers as roads caved in and bridges collapses. Then news of
vast areas on the plains being flooded waist high with people moving to their rooftops or second
floor level. Next came reports of entire villages being swept away in mudslides, but no one knew
for sure. And then there was the awful silence from places that could not be contacted in any way.
People grew angry and frustrated as their pleas for help in contacting missing relatives went
unanswered by emergency services. In many cases, the only answer to such a ferocious onslaught
by the forces of nature was a helpless shrug of the shoulders.
Here in the Divine Word Mission House in Chiayi Morakot also began as just another
typhoon. The closest we were to a crisis was when the drains on the flat roof were blocked by
leaves and the water began to leak through in two or three places. Apart from a few soggy ceiling
tiles, we were unscathed. We had been in touch with the mission stations in the Alishan Mountain
area. The priests and sisters were all safe, but without electricity. They expected to be marooned for
a few days by landslides, but that is normal in a normal typhoon.
On Monday morning the typhoon had finally moved on to wreak its havoc in China. The
grounds surrounding the mission house were strewn with boughs and branches torn from the soft-
timbered trees during the worst of the winds. I expected the gardener would be in during the day to
begin the cleanup but it was not to be. News came that there had been a landslide in the mountain
area where he lived and that rescuers were digging for survivors. Bit by bit the news filtered
through that both he and his elderly mother had been in the house when it was swept away and
covered in a mudslide. By mid afternoon a body had been found and from then on we expected the
worst.
On Tuesday morning we accompanied some family members to the mortuary where the
body was identified as Mr. Deng. While we were there, news came that the body of the mother had
been found and was being brought in. It was a harrowing experience for us who knew him as our
gardener. For his brother and sisters it must have been unbelievably traumatic, first to watch during
the search, and then to identify a brother and a mother, the life crushed out of them by the land to
which they were so attached.
They lived on the side of a mountain, quite a steep place and planted with betel nut palms
which have very shallow roots that do not help to hold the soil together. It was a dangerous location
at the best of times. According to his younger brother who also lived there, in the early hours of the
morning they heard the sound of the landslide as it began. Both ran out of the house too see what
was happening. The elder brother drove his van close to the house and went back in to bring out his
mother while the younger brother stayed at a safer distance. Then, in one or two seconds, the
hillside above the house began to slide and the house was swept down the slope in a torrent of mud,
stones and roots. When the movement stopped, only the top of roof was visible. Emergency
services arrived at first light but the ground was still very unstable. Mr. Deng's dog stayed at one
spot, reluctant to move and they began digging there. That was where they found the body some
hours later.
We will miss Mr. Deng. He was one of nature's true gentlemen. Though not a baptized
Catholic, he leaned so much towards the church that he was almost inside. His brothers and sisters,
though Buddhist, suggested that a Catholic burial service would be most appropriate for him and his
mother.
May they rest in Peace
Typhoon Morakot – Once in Two Hundred Years
Here in Chiayi we are only about 50km by road from the Alishan mountain villages of
Xinmei, Fenchihu and Tefuyeh respectively, depending on which fork you take off the Alishan
Highway, but we might as well be 5,000km away because there is no longer any road thanks to the
ferocious rain brought to Southern Taiwan by Typhoon Morakot.
On average in Taiwan, we expect six or seven typhoons each year. They usually pass over in
a day or two days at most, then life returns to normal after another day or two of cleanup. They say
that the infrastructure - bridges, embankments, drains and so on - are built to withstand a once in
fifty year storm. Nothing was built with the likes Morakot in mind. It was a deceitful typhoon. The
tight doughnut circle of dense cloud around a well defined eye was missing in this case. In fact, it
was hard to see where the eye actually was. There was no symmetry. The spirals of clouds were all
to one side and covering an area much bigger than usually seen. It hardly looked like a typhoon at
all. Many indeed were deceived.
In Chiayi, the streets were relatively quiet but not empty. Cars and motorcycles, even an
occasional hardy cyclist were seen passing our front gate. The shops were open, hoping for a little
business at least. Yet, just 50km away, in our mountain mission stations, the rain was coming down
at an alarming rate. But that is to be expected in a typhoon, as well as a few landslides at the usual
blackspots. Fr. Wlad Madeja in Fenchihu, along with SSpS Sisters Clemens and Edmara were
expecting 200 guests at the activity centre. The activity had been cancelled, but the freezers had
been stocked with food for 200 mouths. If the electricity should fail, then all the food would quickly
spoil. Of course the electricity failed, then the telephones. Next the mobile phones exhausted their
batteries and the relay stations went off the air as their emergency batteries lost power. The last
message from Fr. Wlad was that he would be down in Chiayi Tuesday. They did not know at that
moment that all roads in and out of Fenchihu had been closed, and in many places, the road had
disappeared completely.
In spite of the approaching typhoon and against all advice from wiser people, a Canadian
tourist who had been staying in Fenchihu proceeded further up the mountain to our Alishan Mission
Station and activity centre. The Director of the centre, Mr. Liu Wei-je had sent his wife and child
down to Chiayi a few days earlier, but stayed on in case some guests still showed up. He planned to
take the last bus down before the typhoon struck. Unfortunately, the Canadian tourist showed up
and insisted on staying. There was the added worry that the new roof which was in the process of
being installed would be blown away in the strong winds of the typhoon. The roof stayed put and so
did they, with no electricity, water and very little by way of food. By the end of the third day,
Alishan had accumulated a total precipitation of 2,700mm and Fenchihu and the other stations were
not too far behind.
That is an incredible amount of water to hit the ground. Of course, from a height 2,300
meters up in the mountains, there is only one way for water to go and that is down. Down it went,
gathering momentum, taking trees, boulders, clay, roads, bridges, electricity and telephone pylons
and anything that stood it its path with it.
By the end of the third day news was being relayed out. Fr. Daisuke was marooned in
Tefuyeh. No roads from that village were passable. The bridges had been swept away. When we
eventually got in touch with him, the unflappable Fr. Daisuke reported that he was fine. No
problem! Things were not so fine in his outstations. Churches in the villages of Lijia and Laichi
were destroyed by rockfalls, though so far there are no reports of loss of life. However, one of the
workers in Fenchihu heard that her village further south in Pingdong had been buried in a mudslide
and there was no word of her father, sister and brother in law.
In the village of Xinmei, Fr. Piotr was likewise marooned with his flock. All were safe, but
key bridges on the road out of the valley had been swept away and they were hemmed in on both
sides by raging torrents of water pouring down from the higher reaches of the mountains. They
would be staying put for a few more days by the looks of things.
Further south in Pindong and Taidong in the east, the emerging news reports showed a much
more terrifying picture. Much of the plain was under a metre or more of water. Villages further up
the watercourses were unreachable, but as aerial photographs became possible when the weather
cleared a bit, only mud and rubble could be seen when entire villages had once stood. In one case a
river that had previously been only 10 metres wide swelled to 800 metres wide. Tree trunks and
boulders, hurtled along at high speed by the waters, crashed into bridge pillars and demolished
them, swept around corners and gouged new channels where there were none before, in one case
toppling a nine-story hotel into the torrent.
Villagers came out as far as they could and rescuers went is as far as they could, eventually
facing each other on either side of a raging river coursing down from the higher slopes.
Communication was impossible because of the noise of the water. In some cases they wrote
message of sheets of cardboard giving the number of survivors and casualties. In one such
encounter, villagers resorted to bows and arrows to shoot messages across the chasm. Rescue
workers eventually were able to set up cable connections and badly needed supplies were sent
across in baskets. Indeed, many of the rescuers were putting their own lives at risk as they
shimmied across swollen rivers on tethered ropes. Sadly, one rescue helicopter crashed in the
mountains with the loss of three lives.
There is still no final count on the death toll from typhoon Morakot. Many people are
missing or unaccounted for. It will take some time for the sad tally to be finalized.
Meanwhile, in the Alishan Mountain Mission, army helicopters have been ferrying supplies
in and taking people out. Frt. John Lin has been busy today collecting the aborigine students from
the airport and bringing them back to Fu Jen High School where they will be housed in the
Dormitories until the new school year begins in September. There is plenty of space in the school
dormitories for any who have lost there homes and need somewhere to stay until replacements are
found. The school staff and students have been accepting donations of relief goods. Some teachers,
parents and students will attempt to trek in to Shanmei village next Saturday carrying food supplies
for the families of students.
Fr. Anthony Pham has been helping the Chiayi Diocese Relief effort. Many people have
contributed generously though in some cases, the goods donated are not what is really needed.
According to Fr. Piotr, marooned in Xinmei, what they really need is food, gas for cooking and
gasoline to power their generators.
Tomorrow it will be one week since the typhoon struck. The relief and rescue efforts are
settling into a more organized and efficient pattern. The President and leading politicians have all
visited the worst effected areas. Now we seem to moving towards the blame stage. Many criticisms
have been raised concerning the lack of warnings as to the seriousness of the typhoon. Police and
emergency services were slow to respond. The North/South political divide had been exasperated.
Shoddy workmanship and incompetent supervision have been blamed for the poor quality of the
infrastructure. The West coast is connected from North to South by a high speed bullet train. The
East coast below Taidong is now connected from North to South by a single cable with cage slung
beneath it.
The reality is the Nature will not be tamed. Taiwan is still very much a landmass under
construction. For aeons, the mountains have been pushing upwards from the tectonic interface deep
below, then eroding downwards to the ocean again by the action of wind, water and the occasional
earthquake. That is not going to change for the foreseeable future. The yellow diggers at work
clearing the mud and rubble from the Alishan highway are but a minuscule blip on this cosmic
calendar. Already, one lane is open to traffic. The road should be back to full service in two months.
The sun will shine again. Houses and lives will be patched up and life will take up again where it
left off. The next time a typhoon warning is given, we will all be sure to stock up with food and
fuel. A few mild typhoons and we will all forget again. Once again, a time will come and we will be
caught unprepared by another deceitful typhoon. That is how it is. That is the nature of things.
陸上行舟 http://changturtle.blogspot.com/2009/08/typhoon-morakot-taiwan.html
Morakot: Taiwan's Worst Flood in 50 Years, Record Rainfall
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by swu August 8, 2009 at 11:30 pm
1667 views 14 Recommendations 2 comments
Typhoon Morakot caused severe damage to the southern part of Taiwan with record breaking rainfall of 2,900 millimeters (114 inches) in 3 days. The highest single day regional regional record was broken on August 8th, at 1403 millimeters (55 inches). To put it in perspective, Vancouver's average annual rainfall is only 1117 mm (44 inches). Some bulidings were flooded up to the second floor, many counties isolated. Military personels have been deployed to help with the rescuing and reconstruction efforts. In Taitung County, segments of freeway and railway were washed away, 20 houses were washed into the sea, and a major hotel collapsed.
More than 150,168 people remain without power, and 28,282 households have had their phone lines cut, according to the latest statement from the National Fire Agency. Electricity was restored in some areas after disruptions that affected 1.4 million people, according to the statement. The storm caused an estimated NT$754.8 million ($23 million) in damage to crops, the agency said.
Source: bloomberg.com
A Taiwanese blogger Billy Pan created a public Google map documenting the affected areas. The latest development is constantly updated on a website, Twitter, and Plurk. The sources are in Chinese, but the Google map is a visual representation of how serious a damage typhoon Morakot had caused. Typhoons hit Taiwan frequently every summer. People are usually well prepared. Morakot is certainly one of a kind with massive rainfall. The last major floor ocurred on August 7th, 1959, caused more than a thousand dead or missing, 20 thousand house collapsed. The damage totalled 11% of GDP back then. Today, even with much better building standard and diaster preparation, Morakot still created major disruption to the whole country.
http://www.nowpublic.com/environment/morakot-taiwans-worst-flood-50-years-record-rainfall
http://maps.google.com.tw/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=zh-TW&msa=0&msid=116386460682638203042.000470a33fd5b4fcc5768&ll=23.110049,120.684814&spn=4.278449,8.366089&z=8&brcurrent=3,0x3471e089bb4338c9:0xfdddeea4a2da6d2d&iwloc=000470a383e25bfc5758b
請由Google製作首頁進入可顯示最新訊息http://bit.ly/CSYoe莫拉克颱風災情地圖 http://bit.ly/KKDVh
請由Google製作首頁進入可顯示最新訊息http://bit.ly/CSYoe莫拉克颱風災情支援網 http://disastertw.com/PTT 救災物資情報網 http://bit.ly/4yuKfE災情中心http://typhoon.adct.org.tw/地圖標示符號說明 http://bit.ly/BWgwB網友通報請聯絡志工名單 http://bit.ly/eS46O
莫拉克颱風救災http://www.google.com.tw/intl/zh-TW/landing/morakot/
八八水災即時災情
8月7日登陸的莫拉克颱風挾帶大量豪雨，「八八水災」造成全台人民生命財產極大損失。此救災專區彙整風災水災相關資訊，大家一起多多留意災情及救災資訊，共同協助救援行動。您可以查看最近的新聞以及 YouTube 上的影片。
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救災地圖
1. 莫拉克颱風颱風莫拉克重創臺灣馬英九面臨考驗-兩岸新聞-新浪新聞中心
2009年8月14日 ... 據臺灣中央社消息，截至8月12日下午2時，『莫拉克』颱風共造成台67人 ... 臺灣《中國時報》社論說，這次僅是中度颱風，卻下了3倍雨量，匪夷所思。 ...news.sina.com.tw/article/20090814/2034093.html - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
2. 莫拉克颱風專輯- Yahoo!奇摩話題
2009年8月8日 ... 《社論》重建家園大家一起來. 更新日期：2009/08/15. 莫拉克颱風肆虐中南部，災情慘重，造成空前浩劫，到處柔腸寸斷，怵目驚心，災民不時傳出呼救 ...tw.topic.yahoo.com/morakot/article/url/d/.../1p3g7.html - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
3. 痛定思痛：朝野同心協助災民重建家園 社論 意見評論 聯合新聞網
【聯合報╱社論】. 2009.08.10 03:53 am. 苦旱多時、渴望颱風帶來降雨紓解旱象的台灣民眾，對莫拉克先前確有寄望；但沒料到莫拉克是個包藏禍心的狠角色，讓中南部慘遭 ...udn.com/NEWS/OPINION/OPI1/5067882.shtml - 類似內容
4. [HI-ON]鯨魚網站-【外電】莫拉克颱風和馬英九的綽號
2009年8月13日 ... 對急如星火的救災行動馬政府竟採〝三不〞政策(08/13, 自由時報社論) ... 莫拉克颱風的侵襲證明了馬英九完全缺乏領導能力的事實。 ... 被颱風侵襲破壞之後，而且一週以後還沒有實現政府該有的應對，馬英九已訴諸於指責別人的把戲了。 ...www.hi-on.org.tw/bulletins.jsp?b_ID=92775 - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
5. 莫拉克颱風暴雨不斷！ 東京大淹水 台灣環境資訊協會-環境資訊中心
2009年8月9日 ... 台灣飽受水患肆虐，臨近的日本，也因為莫拉克颱風的外圍環流逼近，出現狂風暴雨，讓人難以想像的是，就連排水系統完善的日本首都東京，竟然也驚傳大淹 ...e-info.org.tw/node/45906 - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
莫拉克颱風影響台東海岸現漂流木災情 台灣環境資訊協會-環境資訊中心
2009年8月12日 ... 莫拉克颱風來襲，南台東災情慘重，知本以北雖無立即災情，然而台東市北邊大港──富岡漁港已塞滿50年來最大量的漂流木，漁業和船運業皆已癱瘓，預計最 ...e-info.org.tw/node/45980 - 類似內容
7. 莫拉克-MSN綜合搜尋
2009年8月13日 ... 願台灣人民共同攜手渡過莫拉克颱風的苦難，8/30號桃園募款晚會, 免費入場 ... 由於受到地形影響，加上導引氣流依然不太明顯，莫拉克颱風在未來24 ...isearch.msn.com.tw/Default.aspx?q=莫拉克 - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
8. 中央日報網路報-海峽視點
泰國世界日報社論----莫拉克颱風再次為台灣帶來警訊. http://www.cdnews.com.tw 2009-08-11 08:42:02. 泰國世界日報11日社論:台灣正遭逢50年來最大水災。中颱莫拉克 ...www.cdnews.com.tw/cdnews_site/docDetail.jsp?... - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
9. 莫拉克颱風造成浙江逾百萬人受災 苦勞網
2009年8月9日 ... 中國大陸浙江省防汛抗旱指揮部表示，截至今天下午3時，受莫拉克颱風 ... 浙江省氣象台今天下午4時再次發佈緊急警報指出，莫拉克颱風今天下午4時20分在 ...www.coolloud.org.tw/node/44303 - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
10. [轉載]2009.08.07 莫拉克颱風災情回報網與相關資訊(TBA/Billypan) 台灣 ...
[轉載]2009.08.07 莫拉克颱風災情回報網與相關資訊(TBA/Billypan). 0 回應 轉寄文章 2009-08-09 返回列表 無所不出差錯的執政團隊（自由社論） ...www.shadowgov.tw/24069_0_is.htm - 頁庫存檔 - 類似內容
贊助商連結
1. 莫拉克風災即時災情
www.google.com.tw/sos 即時更新水災新聞、影片、災區地圖 以及捐款管道和官方資訊。
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www.books.com.tw 博客來將捐出8/11-8/31期間部分營業 額,投入救災,幫助災民重建家園
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陳文茜：最無情的災難 上天想向世人說什麼？
(2009/08/15 21:21)
政治中心／綜合報導 八八水災讓小林村確定滅村。直升機救災大隊隊員向已殉職的兄弟們脫帽致敬後，含淚冒生命危險繼續救災。 資深媒體人陳文茜15日在蘋果日報撰文說，日本媒體以兩百年日據水文資料報導，這是「兩百年台灣最大災害」；氣象局統計光是阿里山8月7日至8月10日即降雨約2700公釐；以此計算我們所經歷的這場災難，降雨量為50年前「八七水災」的兩倍半之多（八七水災雨量約為800到1200公釐）；災難不只是颱風，而是西南氣流引來的雨災、山崩、山洪暴發、土石流、惡水改道……；與颱風的中度、強度並無直接關連。 2009年8月8日起，許多人的人生，從此改變了；許多人的家園，從此永埋回憶；許多人的生命，戛然終止。荖濃溪昔日孕育了無數的生命，潰堤後的荖濃溪卻像追命的殺手，滾滾濁流追得百姓四竄逃亡。 斷斷續續哭了數天，我走上北部一座山頂，望著山上的雲，白鳥正從眼前飛翔越過，農夫們忙著復耕花圃田園。如果雨下於台北近郊任何一個山頭，這些苦難的承受者正是我及眼前的村莊。我相信崇敬的上天，於是抬頭問蒼天：「想告訴世人什麼？」上帝以最無情的災難，想讓我們學習什麼？ 2005 年8月底美國發生卡特里娜颶風，死亡1833人，財產損失812億美元。驕傲的帝國有若長期CNN報導的非洲第三世界，只是鏡頭出現的是美國總統布希、路易斯安那州州長，開口怒罵政府甚至滿街燒殺擄掠，所有「暴民們」都是美國公民。那一場風災使美國前副總統戈爾痛下決心，拍攝《不願面對的真相》紀錄片，高呼正視“全球暖化”。 2009年8月8日大雨雖已無情的傾落南部山中，總統初始會報只責怪當時氣象局預報不準與水利署治水無效。就在這場卸責會議後不到數小時，小林滅村，金帥屋倒，荖濃溪潰堤。上天無情的步伐，摧毀數百萬人的家園，雨一直落，落到周美青勘災時，一位災民竟求她祈天，「請祂高抬貴手，不要再下雨了。」我們的反省，抵不上上天落雨的速度。 可能直到八八水災一周後，我們才明白災難的幅度與傷害程度，遠遠萬倍超過眾人的預期。坐在山頂的某一個凹處，我眺望腳下蜿蜒河流，台北，川流車行住藏百萬戶人家。大地，是多少人的寄託！它平時無言，憤怒時摧毀力量卻這麼龐大！多少人的一生，就寄存於大地的容忍，肆情地築夢一切，並視之為當然。我從來沒有覺得自己和上天這麼接近，在搖籃曲中、在原住民的歌謠裡，我們聽過許多大地的故事；從未想到有一天容忍的大地，會醒來、會憤怒、會抗議。 你我都是這場風災僥倖的存活者；如果災難發生於我們居住鄰近地點的山脈，滅村逃亡或家園全毀的，就是倖存的我們。受難的人，只是代我們受過；上天留下我們，要生存者善待大地，並做些什麼。 災後第八天，救難英雄們仍前仆後繼。讓我們為他們祈福、加油，並以最誠摯的感念向他們許諾，台灣將實踐一場土地保育的行動計劃。他們的犧牲、冒險犯難，換來的不會是空白。
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要命的水要命的水http://www.cw.com.tw/article/index.jsp?id=38609
作者：蕭富元 出處：天下雜誌 428期 2009/08
相關關鍵字：要命的水/水足跡
一個從東邊來的中度颱風，讓台灣在二十四小時內，從七年來最嚴重的乾旱危機，掉進另外一個五十年來最嚴重的水患危機。
專輯精采重點：
．【互動討論區】莫拉克颱風，八八水患重創台灣－你還能做什麼？．【深入災區】天下記者現場直擊颱風災區．【貢獻力量】颱風重創，愛心捐款帳戶
一個從東邊來的中度颱風，讓台灣在二十四小時內，從七年來最嚴重的乾旱危機，掉進另外一個五十年來最嚴重的水患危機。
台南麻豆、學甲，嘉義民雄、水上，高雄甲仙、桃源，屏東林邊、佳冬，台東知本、太麻里等數十個南台灣鄉鎮，二六％的國土淹水，宛如漫漫汪洋中載浮載沉的星星孤舟。
莫拉克颱風侵襲三天，屏東山區累計雨量超過兩千五百毫米，幾乎把台灣一年的雨都下光了。全台共有十四個測雨站單日雨量突破一千毫米。史上前十大降雨排行榜裡，莫拉克就「霸佔」了九個。
蓄水率瀕臨下限的石門水庫（三一％）和曾文水庫（二五％）都開始洩洪。行政院原本要召開的第六次抗旱會議，已無人關心，部會首長急著南下搶救水災。
孤處在新營市中心的台南縣政府，四周淹大水，縣長蘇煥智被困在救災指揮中心裡，心情焦急。他剛剛得知，哥哥在七股經營的養雞場淹沒，一萬多隻雞全部溺斃。
這是台灣最大的反諷，天災（乾旱）要靠天災（水患）來解除。這次淹大水的南台灣，正好是台灣最乾旱的區域。可是豪雨下個幾天，灌飽水庫，未來兩、三個月如果持續高溫炎熱，也沒有颱風報到，到了明年初，台灣又將拉起乾旱警報。
莫拉克登陸之前三天，中研院環境變遷研究中心主任劉紹臣，在接受《天下》採訪時，就預言這個颱風的雨一定「非常大」。台灣的氣候變遷太極端，加上今年海水溫度升溫，颱風吸納更多水汽，下起雨來將十分驚人。
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朋友傳來咱們老友輔大柏殿宏神父(Fr. Budenholzer)的轉載------I thought you would like to know!--- On Sat, 8/15/09, dr chiang chiahsing
From: dr chiang chiahsing
Subject: FW: The first hand report from Taiwan
A forward email from Farther Budenholzer at Fu-Jen University about Typhoon Morakot. God bless all the relief workers!
Dear Friends,
Greetings from Taiwan ! Thanks to all of you for helping to make a wonderful retreat and alumni workshop.
Since arriving in Taiwan on Wednesday evening, I have been at least partially occupied with trying to get a picture of the situation of our SVD priests and brothers in Chiayi. We have several parishes in the high mountains of Chiayi County , Alishan. All of the SVDs are safe, though many are still cut off without electricity.
I attach to this e-mail two "stories" written by Fr. Brian Lawless, SVD who is at our main house in Chiayi city. The story of our gardener, Mr. Deng, who died as his home was swept away, while his brother watched helplessly in the car only a few meters away, maybe represents the human cost of typhoon Morakat.
Below I also reproduce an e-mail that Fr. Lawless sent me today. It is less polished than the stories, but conveys the magnitude of the difficulties.
In these few lines my concern is with the high mountains of Alishan County where the SVD work. Pingtung and Kaohsiung counties seemed to have been even worse affected with greater loss of life.
We pray for those who have lost so much in the devastation.
Frank Budenholzer, SVD
***********************
Hello Frank,The relief effort is getting into full swing here is Chiayi.1. Chiayi Diocese has set up one centre to receive donations of money and goods. Along with St. Martin 's hospital, they will be sending a convoy to the mountains.2. Fujen High School is also organizing a relief convoy. They will send the relief goods by road to Lung Mei. From there, they will be carried down to Shanmei by volunteers. As of this moment they say they have enough volunteers.3. Xinmei is still cut off and to date they have not managed to rig a cable to send goods across by cage. Piotr says he himself has sufficient food at the moment, but what most people there need is food, gas and gasoline. Helicopters have been able to land in Xinmei primary school and deliver reflief goods there. One death has been reported from there, due to illness.4. Helicopters have been able to land at Dabang primary school to deliver relief supplies and to ferry people out. Students arriving down are being housed in the Dormitories in Fujen High school . Some of them have reported that the devestation in the area is very extensive.5. According to reports from Fenchihu, a road should be opened soon via Guanghua.6. Lijia village has been extensively damaged. The church there was also destroyed. 7. Reports from Laiji say that the church there was severly damaged by rockfalls and is unusable.8. The funeral of Mr Deng and his mother has been arranged for 22nd August. The SVD will contribute 100,000 to cover the cost of the ossuaries in the Catholic Cemetry (about 75,000 plus flowers for the chuch etc)9. The Chiayi SVD is in close touch with people in most of the villages effected. The current relief operations by the Government, Chiayi Diocese and the Catholic Schools are probably sufficient for the moment. There is no shortage of volunteers. The real need will come later when reconstruction begins. According to Lin Ruo Wang, the most important thing is to find out what the real needs are before sending in too much of the wrong thing.10. Finally, Piotr has been doing visitations every day.
Typhoon Morakot – Tragedy Close to Home
Tomorrow it will be one week since Typhoon Morakat hit Taiwan bringing to the southern
half of the country a deluge of rain the likes of which has not seen since the time of Noah. Every
year we have five or six typhoons and this one was not expected to be any different. Just how
different it was to be is still not fully known. Each day brings fresh reports as rescuers slowly battle
their way through landslides and across raging torrents to reach isolated villages in the mountain
areas. For many places, the only possible access is by helicopter, but they cannot fly in rainstorms,
clouds and fog. They have to wait for the weather to clear before beginning operations.
As the news unfolded during the next few days, stories of tragedy began to emerge. First
there were cars swept away in swollen rivers as roads caved in and bridges collapses. Then news of
vast areas on the plains being flooded waist high with people moving to their rooftops or second
floor level. Next came reports of entire villages being swept away in mudslides, but no one knew
for sure. And then there was the awful silence from places that could not be contacted in any way.
People grew angry and frustrated as their pleas for help in contacting missing relatives went
unanswered by emergency services. In many cases, the only answer to such a ferocious onslaught
by the forces of nature was a helpless shrug of the shoulders.
Here in the Divine Word Mission House in Chiayi Morakot also began as just another
typhoon. The closest we were to a crisis was when the drains on the flat roof were blocked by
leaves and the water began to leak through in two or three places. Apart from a few soggy ceiling
tiles, we were unscathed. We had been in touch with the mission stations in the Alishan Mountain
area. The priests and sisters were all safe, but without electricity. They expected to be marooned for
a few days by landslides, but that is normal in a normal typhoon.
On Monday morning the typhoon had finally moved on to wreak its havoc in China. The
grounds surrounding the mission house were strewn with boughs and branches torn from the soft-
timbered trees during the worst of the winds. I expected the gardener would be in during the day to
begin the cleanup but it was not to be. News came that there had been a landslide in the mountain
area where he lived and that rescuers were digging for survivors. Bit by bit the news filtered
through that both he and his elderly mother had been in the house when it was swept away and
covered in a mudslide. By mid afternoon a body had been found and from then on we expected the
worst.
On Tuesday morning we accompanied some family members to the mortuary where the
body was identified as Mr. Deng. While we were there, news came that the body of the mother had
been found and was being brought in. It was a harrowing experience for us who knew him as our
gardener. For his brother and sisters it must have been unbelievably traumatic, first to watch during
the search, and then to identify a brother and a mother, the life crushed out of them by the land to
which they were so attached.
They lived on the side of a mountain, quite a steep place and planted with betel nut palms
which have very shallow roots that do not help to hold the soil together. It was a dangerous location
at the best of times. According to his younger brother who also lived there, in the early hours of the
morning they heard the sound of the landslide as it began. Both ran out of the house too see what
was happening. The elder brother drove his van close to the house and went back in to bring out his
mother while the younger brother stayed at a safer distance. Then, in one or two seconds, the
hillside above the house began to slide and the house was swept down the slope in a torrent of mud,
stones and roots. When the movement stopped, only the top of roof was visible. Emergency
services arrived at first light but the ground was still very unstable. Mr. Deng's dog stayed at one
spot, reluctant to move and they began digging there. That was where they found the body some
hours later.
We will miss Mr. Deng. He was one of nature's true gentlemen. Though not a baptized
Catholic, he leaned so much towards the church that he was almost inside. His brothers and sisters,
though Buddhist, suggested that a Catholic burial service would be most appropriate for him and his
mother.
May they rest in Peace
Typhoon Morakot – Once in Two Hundred Years
Here in Chiayi we are only about 50km by road from the Alishan mountain villages of
Xinmei, Fenchihu and Tefuyeh respectively, depending on which fork you take off the Alishan
Highway, but we might as well be 5,000km away because there is no longer any road thanks to the
ferocious rain brought to Southern Taiwan by Typhoon Morakot.
On average in Taiwan, we expect six or seven typhoons each year. They usually pass over in
a day or two days at most, then life returns to normal after another day or two of cleanup. They say
that the infrastructure - bridges, embankments, drains and so on - are built to withstand a once in
fifty year storm. Nothing was built with the likes Morakot in mind. It was a deceitful typhoon. The
tight doughnut circle of dense cloud around a well defined eye was missing in this case. In fact, it
was hard to see where the eye actually was. There was no symmetry. The spirals of clouds were all
to one side and covering an area much bigger than usually seen. It hardly looked like a typhoon at
all. Many indeed were deceived.
In Chiayi, the streets were relatively quiet but not empty. Cars and motorcycles, even an
occasional hardy cyclist were seen passing our front gate. The shops were open, hoping for a little
business at least. Yet, just 50km away, in our mountain mission stations, the rain was coming down
at an alarming rate. But that is to be expected in a typhoon, as well as a few landslides at the usual
blackspots. Fr. Wlad Madeja in Fenchihu, along with SSpS Sisters Clemens and Edmara were
expecting 200 guests at the activity centre. The activity had been cancelled, but the freezers had
been stocked with food for 200 mouths. If the electricity should fail, then all the food would quickly
spoil. Of course the electricity failed, then the telephones. Next the mobile phones exhausted their
batteries and the relay stations went off the air as their emergency batteries lost power. The last
message from Fr. Wlad was that he would be down in Chiayi Tuesday. They did not know at that
moment that all roads in and out of Fenchihu had been closed, and in many places, the road had
disappeared completely.
In spite of the approaching typhoon and against all advice from wiser people, a Canadian
tourist who had been staying in Fenchihu proceeded further up the mountain to our Alishan Mission
Station and activity centre. The Director of the centre, Mr. Liu Wei-je had sent his wife and child
down to Chiayi a few days earlier, but stayed on in case some guests still showed up. He planned to
take the last bus down before the typhoon struck. Unfortunately, the Canadian tourist showed up
and insisted on staying. There was the added worry that the new roof which was in the process of
being installed would be blown away in the strong winds of the typhoon. The roof stayed put and so
did they, with no electricity, water and very little by way of food. By the end of the third day,
Alishan had accumulated a total precipitation of 2,700mm and Fenchihu and the other stations were
not too far behind.
That is an incredible amount of water to hit the ground. Of course, from a height 2,300
meters up in the mountains, there is only one way for water to go and that is down. Down it went,
gathering momentum, taking trees, boulders, clay, roads, bridges, electricity and telephone pylons
and anything that stood it its path with it.
By the end of the third day news was being relayed out. Fr. Daisuke was marooned in
Tefuyeh. No roads from that village were passable. The bridges had been swept away. When we
eventually got in touch with him, the unflappable Fr. Daisuke reported that he was fine. No
problem! Things were not so fine in his outstations. Churches in the villages of Lijia and Laichi
were destroyed by rockfalls, though so far there are no reports of loss of life. However, one of the
workers in Fenchihu heard that her village further south in Pingdong had been buried in a mudslide
and there was no word of her father, sister and brother in law.
In the village of Xinmei, Fr. Piotr was likewise marooned with his flock. All were safe, but
key bridges on the road out of the valley had been swept away and they were hemmed in on both
sides by raging torrents of water pouring down from the higher reaches of the mountains. They
would be staying put for a few more days by the looks of things.
Further south in Pindong and Taidong in the east, the emerging news reports showed a much
more terrifying picture. Much of the plain was under a metre or more of water. Villages further up
the watercourses were unreachable, but as aerial photographs became possible when the weather
cleared a bit, only mud and rubble could be seen when entire villages had once stood. In one case a
river that had previously been only 10 metres wide swelled to 800 metres wide. Tree trunks and
boulders, hurtled along at high speed by the waters, crashed into bridge pillars and demolished
them, swept around corners and gouged new channels where there were none before, in one case
toppling a nine-story hotel into the torrent.
Villagers came out as far as they could and rescuers went is as far as they could, eventually
facing each other on either side of a raging river coursing down from the higher slopes.
Communication was impossible because of the noise of the water. In some cases they wrote
message of sheets of cardboard giving the number of survivors and casualties. In one such
encounter, villagers resorted to bows and arrows to shoot messages across the chasm. Rescue
workers eventually were able to set up cable connections and badly needed supplies were sent
across in baskets. Indeed, many of the rescuers were putting their own lives at risk as they
shimmied across swollen rivers on tethered ropes. Sadly, one rescue helicopter crashed in the
mountains with the loss of three lives.
There is still no final count on the death toll from typhoon Morakot. Many people are
missing or unaccounted for. It will take some time for the sad tally to be finalized.
Meanwhile, in the Alishan Mountain Mission, army helicopters have been ferrying supplies
in and taking people out. Frt. John Lin has been busy today collecting the aborigine students from
the airport and bringing them back to Fu Jen High School where they will be housed in the
Dormitories until the new school year begins in September. There is plenty of space in the school
dormitories for any who have lost there homes and need somewhere to stay until replacements are
found. The school staff and students have been accepting donations of relief goods. Some teachers,
parents and students will attempt to trek in to Shanmei village next Saturday carrying food supplies
for the families of students.
Fr. Anthony Pham has been helping the Chiayi Diocese Relief effort. Many people have
contributed generously though in some cases, the goods donated are not what is really needed.
According to Fr. Piotr, marooned in Xinmei, what they really need is food, gas for cooking and
gasoline to power their generators.
Tomorrow it will be one week since the typhoon struck. The relief and rescue efforts are
settling into a more organized and efficient pattern. The President and leading politicians have all
visited the worst effected areas. Now we seem to moving towards the blame stage. Many criticisms
have been raised concerning the lack of warnings as to the seriousness of the typhoon. Police and
emergency services were slow to respond. The North/South political divide had been exasperated.
Shoddy workmanship and incompetent supervision have been blamed for the poor quality of the
infrastructure. The West coast is connected from North to South by a high speed bullet train. The
East coast below Taidong is now connected from North to South by a single cable with cage slung
beneath it.
The reality is the Nature will not be tamed. Taiwan is still very much a landmass under
construction. For aeons, the mountains have been pushing upwards from the tectonic interface deep
below, then eroding downwards to the ocean again by the action of wind, water and the occasional
earthquake. That is not going to change for the foreseeable future. The yellow diggers at work
clearing the mud and rubble from the Alishan highway are but a minuscule blip on this cosmic
calendar. Already, one lane is open to traffic. The road should be back to full service in two months.
The sun will shine again. Houses and lives will be patched up and life will take up again where it
left off. The next time a typhoon warning is given, we will all be sure to stock up with food and
fuel. A few mild typhoons and we will all forget again. Once again, a time will come and we will be
caught unprepared by another deceitful typhoon. That is how it is. That is the nature of things.
陸上行舟 http://changturtle.blogspot.com/2009/08/typhoon-morakot-taiwan.html
Morakot: Taiwan's Worst Flood in 50 Years, Record Rainfall
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by swu August 8, 2009 at 11:30 pm
1667 views 14 Recommendations 2 comments
Typhoon Morakot caused severe damage to the southern part of Taiwan with record breaking rainfall of 2,900 millimeters (114 inches) in 3 days. The highest single day regional regional record was broken on August 8th, at 1403 millimeters (55 inches). To put it in perspective, Vancouver's average annual rainfall is only 1117 mm (44 inches). Some bulidings were flooded up to the second floor, many counties isolated. Military personels have been deployed to help with the rescuing and reconstruction efforts. In Taitung County, segments of freeway and railway were washed away, 20 houses were washed into the sea, and a major hotel collapsed.
More than 150,168 people remain without power, and 28,282 households have had their phone lines cut, according to the latest statement from the National Fire Agency. Electricity was restored in some areas after disruptions that affected 1.4 million people, according to the statement. The storm caused an estimated NT$754.8 million ($23 million) in damage to crops, the agency said.
Source: bloomberg.com
A Taiwanese blogger Billy Pan created a public Google map documenting the affected areas. The latest development is constantly updated on a website, Twitter, and Plurk. The sources are in Chinese, but the Google map is a visual representation of how serious a damage typhoon Morakot had caused. Typhoons hit Taiwan frequently every summer. People are usually well prepared. Morakot is certainly one of a kind with massive rainfall. The last major floor ocurred on August 7th, 1959, caused more than a thousand dead or missing, 20 thousand house collapsed. The damage totalled 11% of GDP back then. Today, even with much better building standard and diaster preparation, Morakot still created major disruption to the whole country.
http://www.nowpublic.com/environment/morakot-taiwans-worst-flood-50-years-record-rainfall
http://maps.google.com.tw/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=zh-TW&msa=0&msid=116386460682638203042.000470a33fd5b4fcc5768&ll=23.110049,120.684814&spn=4.278449,8.366089&z=8&brcurrent=3,0x3471e089bb4338c9:0xfdddeea4a2da6d2d&iwloc=000470a383e25bfc5758b
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